2.2 - programming fundamentals

Question 1

What is a variable

Answer 1

Named memory address that holds a value. This can change as a program is running

Question 2

What is declaring a variable

Answer 2

Identifying a variable before assigning it a value

Question 3

What is assignment

Answer 3

Assigning a variable a value

Question 4

What is a constant

Answer 4

Allows a name to be assigned a value. Cannot be changed whilst program is running

Question 5

What is a global variable

Answer 5

Variable that can be accessed and changed throughout the program

Question 6

What is a local variable

Answer 6

Variable confined to a loop or sub program

Question 7

3 basic programming constructs

Answer 7

Sequence, selection, iteration

Question 8

What is sequence

Answer 8

Order in which statements are executed

Question 9

What is selection

Answer 9

The process of making a decision. This decides the path the program will take next. Works by testing a condition

Question 10

Two types of iteration

Answer 10

Count-controlled, condition-controlled

Question 11

What is iteration

Answer 11

When a program repeats itself until a certain condition is met or until told otherwise

Question 12

What is count-controlled iteration

Answer 12

Repeatedly executed a section of code a fixed amount of predetermined times

Question 13

What is condition-controlled iteration

Answer 13

Repeatedly executes a section of code until a condition is met

Question 14

Two types of condition controlled iteration

Answer 14

While loops
Repeat loops

Question 15

3 types of operators

Answer 15

Mathematical
Logical
Comparison

Question 16

Mathematical operator for addition

Answer 16

+

Question 17

Mathematical operator for subtraction

Answer 17

-

Question 18

Mathematical operator for multiplication

Answer 18

*

Question 19

Mathematical operator for division

Answer 19

/

Question 20

Mathematical operator for remainder

Answer 20

MOD

Question 21

Comparison operator for equals

Answer 21

= or ==

Question 22

Comparison operator for greater than

Answer 22

>

Question 23

Comparison operator for greater than or equal to

Answer 23

> =

Question 24

Comparison operator for less than

Answer 24

<

Question 25

Comparison operator for less than or equal to

Answer 25

<=

Question 26

Comparison operator for not equal to

Answer 26

=!

Question 27

Logical operator for and

Answer 27

AND

Question 28

Logical operator for or

Answer 28

OR

Question 29

Logical operator for not

Answer 29

NOT

Question 30

What is an integer

Answer 30

Whole number

Question 31

What is a float

Answer 31

Decimal number

Question 32

What is a character

Answer 32

Single alphanumeric character

Question 33

What is a string

Answer 33

One or more alphanumeric characters

Question 34

What is casting

Answer 34

Changing the data type

Question 35

How is length of string determined

Answer 35

Using len statement len(name)

Question 36

How can you extract letters from strings

Answer 36

surname[2] = third letter of surname surname[2,3] = 3 letters starting at 2nd surname[2:4] = 3rd, 4th letters

Question 37

How to make something uppercase

Answer 37

.upper()

Question 38

How to make something lowercase

Answer 38

.lower()

Question 39

What is concatenation

Answer 39

Joining two strings together

Question 40

What is a subprogram

Answer 40

Small programs in a larger program

Question 41

2 types of sub programs

Answer 41

Procedure Function

Question 42

What is a procedure

Answer 42

Subprogram that performs specific task, when task is complete, subprogram ends

Question 43

What is a function

Answer 43

Same as a procedure but it manipulates data and returns it to main program

Question 44

How to code count controlled iteration

Answer 44

For variable in range (0,6):

Question 45

How to code condition controlled iteration

Answer 45

Whilst variable == condition:

Question 46

What is an array

Answer 46

A data structure that holds similar, related data. An array is like a collection of boxes, each of which is called an element. Each element has a position in the array, and can hold a value. The data in an array must all be of the same data type.

Question 47

What is an element

Answer 47

Piece of data in an array

Question 48

What is a database

Answer 48

Persistent store of related data

Question 49

How is data in a database stored

Answer 49

As records which in turn are stored in files

Question 50

Language used by databases

Answer 50

Structured query language

Question 51

How is data retrieved using sql

Answer 51

Data can be retrieved using the commands SELECT, FROM and WHERE, for example: SELECT * FROM "personnel" WHERE "Title" = "Mr"

Question 52

* in sql

Answer 52

Wildcard which means all records

Question 53

How is LIKE command used in sql

Answer 53

can be used to find matches for an incomplete word, for example: SELECT * FROM "personnel" WHERE "email address" LIKE "%com"

Question 54

Use of Boolean operators in sql

Answer 54

AND and OR can also be used to retrieve data. SELECT * FROM "personnel" WHERE "Surname" = "Turing" OR "Hopper"