22 Plasticity & Adaptation Flashcards
T/F: In mammals, neurogenesis is found in the olfactory bulb and the hippocampus.
True
T/F: In humans, neurogenesis also occurs in the cortex.
False
T/F: Adaptation is a long-term adjustment in response to fluctuations in dynamic range of input/output.
False, adaptation is a short-term adjustment.
Plasticity is a ____-_____ reorganization in the neural circuit.
long-term
T/F: In plasticity, new axons and dendrites grow to form new circuits that process or store information.
True
T/F: Both adaptation and plasticity vary in their receptive field space and gain.
True
The critical period for hearing language is ____.
6 months - 12 months
The critical period for comprehending grammar is ____.
7-8 years old
The critical period for vocal articulations occur ____.
~12 years old, around beginning of adolescence
True or False: it is better to have brain damage earlier in life rather than later in life
True
Brain _____ be seen in perception, movement, language, and emotion
Plasticity
What happens to the thick synaptic density of a 24 month old?
It lessens by cell death (“pruning”)
What happens to synaptic connections after 1 year?
They decrease
True/False: For an early-blind person, sound activates the auditory and visual cortexes
True
_____ systems typically remain plastic to respond to changes in environmental input
Sensory
Learning and memory remain _____ throughout lifespan
plastic
True/False: Somatotopic maps do not change with experience
False
_____ plasticity could disrupt stereopsis, motion detection, visually-guided reaching, and object identification
Excessive
True/False: Some areas of the brain remain plastic; some areas of the brain remain stable
True
The mean # of synapses per neuron per layer _____ over the first few months of life then ____ over adult life
Increase; Stabilize
True/False: Life experiences influence human brain development
True
T/F: Adaptation is reversible.
True
Reversibility for ____ is not typical, or takes a long time.
Plasticity
T/F: Learning and memory remain plastic for a certain period and lost.
False
T/F: Neural maturation increases synaptic density.
True
What is cross-modal associations?
Sensory and motor systems to cope with fatigue or sensory changes due to age.
T/F: Ability to learn a new different language has nothing to do with age
False
In the study of migrating birds with regaining of lost voice, it shows the example of __________
Neogenesis
T/F: Adaptation and plasticity are both long term process
False
In young brain, plasticity involves both response: _________ and __________
depression and potentiation
T/F: Based on the lecture slide 22, 1.0 in the y-axis represents the improvement of amblyopia
False
T/F: Based on the lecture slide 22, CS (contrast sensitivity) shows the greatest improvement.
True
T/F: Ability to learn a new different language tends to decrease with age.
True
