22 Plasticity & Adaptation

Question 1

T/F: In mammals, neurogenesis is found in the olfactory bulb and the hippocampus.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

T/F: In humans, neurogenesis also occurs in the cortex.

Answer 2

False

Question 3

T/F: Adaptation is a long-term adjustment in response to fluctuations in dynamic range of input/output.

Answer 3

False, adaptation is a short-term adjustment.

Question 4

Plasticity is a ____-_____ reorganization in the neural circuit.

Answer 4

long-term

Question 5

T/F: In plasticity, new axons and dendrites grow to form new circuits that process or store information.

Answer 5

True

Question 6

T/F: Both adaptation and plasticity vary in their receptive field space and gain.

Answer 6

True

Question 7

The critical period for hearing language is ____.

Answer 7

6 months - 12 months

Question 8

The critical period for comprehending grammar is ____.

Answer 8

7-8 years old

Question 9

The critical period for vocal articulations occur ____.

Answer 9

~12 years old, around beginning of adolescence

Question 10

True or False: it is better to have brain damage earlier in life rather than later in life

Answer 10

True

Question 11

Brain _____ be seen in perception, movement, language, and emotion

Answer 11

Plasticity

Question 12

What happens to the thick synaptic density of a 24 month old?

Answer 12

It lessens by cell death (“pruning”)

Question 13

What happens to synaptic connections after 1 year?

Answer 13

They decrease

Question 14

True/False: For an early-blind person, sound activates the auditory and visual cortexes

Answer 14

True

Question 15

_____ systems typically remain plastic to respond to changes in environmental input

Answer 15

Sensory

Question 16

Learning and memory remain _____ throughout lifespan

Answer 16

plastic

Question 17

True/False: Somatotopic maps do not change with experience

Answer 17

False

Question 18

_____ plasticity could disrupt stereopsis, motion detection, visually-guided reaching, and object identification

Answer 18

Excessive

Question 19

True/False: Some areas of the brain remain plastic; some areas of the brain remain stable

Answer 19

True

Question 20

The mean # of synapses per neuron per layer _____ over the first few months of life then ____ over adult life

Answer 20

Increase; Stabilize

Question 21

True/False: Life experiences influence human brain development

Answer 21

True

Question 22

T/F: Adaptation is reversible.

Answer 22

True

Question 23

Reversibility for ____ is not typical, or takes a long time.

Answer 23

Plasticity

Question 24

T/F: Learning and memory remain plastic for a certain period and lost.

Answer 24

False

Question 25

T/F: Neural maturation increases synaptic density.

Answer 25

True

Question 26

What is cross-modal associations?

Answer 26

Sensory and motor systems to cope with fatigue or sensory changes due to age.

Question 27

T/F: Ability to learn a new different language has nothing to do with age

Answer 27

False

Question 28

In the study of migrating birds with regaining of lost voice, it shows the example of __________

Answer 28

Neogenesis

Question 29

T/F: Adaptation and plasticity are both long term process

Answer 29

False

Question 30

In young brain, plasticity involves both response: _________ and __________

Answer 30

depression and potentiation

Question 31

T/F: Based on the lecture slide 22, 1.0 in the y-axis represents the improvement of amblyopia

Answer 31

False

Question 32

T/F: Based on the lecture slide 22, CS (contrast sensitivity) shows the greatest improvement.

Answer 32

True

Question 33

T/F: Ability to learn a new different language tends to decrease with age.

Answer 33

True