Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

CARDIO EXAM 2 > 2.2 Nutrition and heart disease > Flashcards

2.2 Nutrition and heart disease Flashcards

1
Q

Lipoprotein Overview:

are Dietary and Serum Cholesterol the same?

A

Dietary and Serum Cholesterol are NOT the same

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what type of cholesterol causes fatty streaks in coronary artery disease?

A

LDL

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what are 4 non-modifiable risk factors for cardiovascular disease?

A

Age
Gender
CAD history in the family
Genetic predisposition

“ACGG”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what are 4 diet-modifiable risk factors for cardiovascular disease?

A

Obesity
Diabetes
Hypertension
Diet

“ODHD”

they have a nutrition component

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what is the #1 cause of death in the US?

what is the 2nd cause of death in the US

A

CVD (cardiovascular disease)

cancer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what is the function of cholesterol in cell membranes?

A
  • Component of all cell membranes (except inner mitochondrial membrane)
  • Regulates membrane fluidityr
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what is the function of cholesterol in bile acids?

A

-Emulsification of dietary lipid (bile acids are amphipathic)

-Essential for lipid digestion and absorption

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

where does cholesterol synthesis happen?

A

happens in most tissues
-High in liver, intestine, adrenal cortex, testes, ovaries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

where are bile salts released into to emulsify fats?

A

duodenum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what is cholesterol a precursor for?

A

vitamin D & steroid hormones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Vitamin D deficiency impairs what and what disease is associated?

how is Vit D synthesized?

A

impairs bone growth
can cause RICKETS

how is Vit D synthesized? SUN & CHOLESTEROL

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what is the order of protein density from least to greatest for lipoproteins?

A
  • chylomicron (least protein density)
  • VLDL
  • IDL
  • LDL
  • HDL (highest protein density)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the major lipid associated with chylomicrons?

A

triglycerides

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

t/f: mature chylomicrons contain more lipids than nacent chylomicrons

A

FALSE

(nacent chylomicrons contain MORE LIPIDS)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

**nacent chylomicrons **
synthesized by what?
Where does it deliver TG to?

A
  • Synthesized by intestinal enterocytes
    a.85% dietary TG
    b.<3% cholesterol
    c. Apoprotein B-48 (apo B-48)
  • Delivers TG to tissues, to muscle for energy, to adipose for storage, takes glycerol backbone to liver used to make new TG
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

***Chylomicron remnants:
*
1.Remaining particle after being stripped of (________)
2.Delivers dietary (___________) to (__________)
3.Suppresses (____________)synthesis of (_______________)in (______________)

A

1.Remaining particle after being stripped of TG
2.Delivers dietary cholesterol to liver
3.Suppresses de novo synthesis **of* cholesterol in liver***

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Name the lipoprotein:
*
**Synthesis*:

1.TG and cholesterol synthesized in liver

2.High carbohydrate increases serum TG

Function:

1.delivery of Liver-derived lipids to tissues

2.High serum TG an independent risk factor for CVD

how is it converted?

A

VLDL

Conversion: VLDL into IDL and then to LDL

18
Q

name the lipoprotein:

Synthesis

1.synthesized in liver

2.½ cholesterol, ½ protein (Apo B-100)

19
Q

LDL regulation is decreased by?

A
  1. HMG Co A Reductase inhibitors (statins)
  2. monounsaturated fatty acids (FA) olive and canola oils
  3. weight loss
20
Q

LDL regulation is increased by:

A
  1. weight gain
  2. Saturated FA
  3. Trans FA
21
Q

1.Removes cholesterol from tissues

2.Delivers cholesterol to liver – reverse cholesterol transport

22
Q

what is the single biggest determinant of HDL regulation in the body?

what are the reductions in HDL & what increases in HDL?

A

genetics is the single biggest determinant of HDL regulation in the body

23
Q

what is most important in fat combustion consideration? How much fat or type of fat?

A

type of fat

24
Q

LDL binds to an LDL receptor

where is this receptor?

A

Receptor is on hepatocytes and extra hepatic tissues
Receptor-mediated endocytosis

25
what is the **1st best fat** for cholesterol consideration? what is the **2nd best fat** for cholesterol consideration? what is the **1st worst fat** for cholesterol consideration? trans fats what is the **2nd worst fat** for cholesterol consideration?
1st best: **polyUNsaturated fats** 2nd best: **monunosaturated fats** 1st worst: **trans fats** 2nd worst: **saturated fats **
26
what are some sources of monounsaturated fats?
palm oil meat dairy cocoa butter olive oil avocado
27
consumption of antioxidants will help slow the oxidation of ______
LDL | * ORAC is an abbreviation for Oxygen Radical Absorbance Capacity
28
B6, Folate and B12 all function to decrease levels of _______________
homocysteine
29
Too much( _________ )of it is related to a **higher risk of coronary heart disease, **stroke and peripheral vascular disease (________) ***may promote atherosclerosis*** by damaging the inner lining of arteries and promoting blood clots
homocysteine
30
the Mediterranean Diet is dominated by what type of foods? high/low/moderate intake of unsaturated fats? high/low/moderate intake of fish? high/low/moderate intake of meat & dairy ? alcohol?
***plant-based * **HIGH** intake of **unsaturated fats (nuts & olive oil)** **moderate** intake of **fish** **LOW** intake of meat & dairy regular consmption of alcohol
31
the Plant-Based Diet includes a high/low? intake of -total fat - cholesterol - animal products - salt & sugar
LOWWWWW
32
what food is associated with higher levels of triethylamine
meat
33
what is the active ingredient in **Green Tea:**
flavonoids
34
Flavonoids are found in fruits and vegetables like:
nuts cocoa berries tea wine
35
(______ )intake showed a 51% reduction in risk of ischemic heart disease
catechin
36
Researchers have found that people with (__________) are almost twice as likely to have heart disease, and that risk may be even greater than for those with high cholesterol
peridontal disease
37
Cardio-protective mechanisms of the Mediterranean diet
38
The PREDIMED trial
39
General recommendations for Heart Disease
40
Summary

CARDIO EXAM 2 (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions