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CompTIA A+ 1101 > 2.2 Network Devices > Flashcards

2.2 Network Devices Flashcards

1
Q

Network devices

A
  • Many different devices and components
    – All have different roles
  • Some of these functions are combined together
    – Wireless router/switch/firewall
  • Compare different devices
    – Understand when they should be used
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2
Q

Routers

A
  • Routes traffic between IP subnets
    – Makes forwarding decisions based on IP address
    – Routers inside of switches sometimes called
    “layer 3 switches”
  • Often connects diverse network types
    – LAN, WAN, copper, fiber
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3
Q
  • Many different devices and components
    – All have different roles
  • Some of these functions are combined together
    – Wireless router/switch/firewall
  • Compare different devices
    – Understand when they should be used
A

Network devices

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4
Q
  • Routes traffic between IP subnets
    – Makes forwarding decisions based on IP address
    – Routers inside of switches sometimes called
    “layer 3 switches”
  • Often connects diverse network types
    – LAN, WAN, copper, fiber
A

Routers

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5
Q

Switches

A
  • Bridging done in hardware
    – Application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC)
    – Forwards traffic based on data link address
  • Many ports and features
    – The core of an enterprise network
    – May provide Power over Ethernet (PoE)
  • Multilayer switch
    – Includes routing functionality
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6
Q

Unmanaged switches

A
  • Very few configuration options
    – Plug and play
  • Fixed configuration
    – No VLANs
  • Very little integration with other devices
    – No management protocols
  • Low price point
    – Simple is less expensive
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7
Q
  • Bridging done in hardware
    – Application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC)
    – Forwards traffic based on data link address
  • Many ports and features
    – The core of an enterprise network
    – May provide Power over Ethernet (PoE)
  • Multilayer switch
    – Includes routing functionality
A

Switches

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8
Q
  • Very few configuration options
    – Plug and play
  • Fixed configuration
    – No VLANs
  • Very little integration with other devices
    – No management protocols
  • Low price point
    – Simple is less expensive
A

Unmanaged switches

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9
Q

Managed switches

A
  • VLAN support
    – Interconnect with other switches via 802.1Q
  • Traffic prioritization
    – Voice traffic gets a higher priority
  • Redundancy support
    – Spanning Tree Protocol (STP)
  • Port mirroring
    – Capture packets
  • External management
    – Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP)
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10
Q

Access point

A
  • Not a wireless router
    – A wireless router is a router and an access point
    in a single device
    – Extends the wired network onto the wireless network – Makes forwarding decisions based on MAC (Media Access Control) address
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11
Q
  • Not a wireless router
    – A wireless router is a router and an access point
    in a single device
    – Extends the wired network onto the wireless network – Makes forwarding decisions based on MAC address
A

Access point

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12
Q
  • VLAN support
    – Interconnect with other switches via 802.1Q
  • Traffic prioritization
    – Voice traffic gets a higher priority
  • Redundancy support
    – Spanning Tree Protocol (STP)
  • Port mirroring
    – Capture packets
  • External management
    – Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP)
A

Managed switches

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13
Q

Patch Panels

A
  • Combination of punch-down blocks and RJ-45 connectors
  • Runs from desks are made once
    – Permanently punched down to patch panel
  • Patch panel to switch can be easily changed – No special tools
    – Use existing cables
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14
Q

Firewalls

A
  • Filters traffic by port number
    – OSI layer 4 (TCP/UDP)
    – Some firewalls can filter based on the application
  • Can encrypt traffic into/out of the network
    – Protect your traffic between sites
  • Can proxy traffic
    – A common security technique
  • Most firewalls can be layer 3 devices (routers)
    – Usually sits on the ingress/egress of the network
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15
Q
  • Filters traffic by port number
    – OSI layer 4 (TCP/UDP)
    – Some firewalls can filter based on the application
  • Can encrypt traffic into/out of the network – Protect your traffic between sites
  • Can proxy traffic
    – A common security technique
  • Most firewalls can be layer 3 devices (routers)
    – Usually sits on the ingress/egress of the network
A

Firewalls

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16
Q
  • Combination of punch-down blocks and RJ-45 connectors
  • Runs from desks are made once
    – Permanently punched down to patch panel
  • Patch panel to switch can be easily changed – No special tools
    – Use existing cables
A

Patch Panels

17
Q

Power over Ethernet (PoE)

A
  • Power provided on an Ethernet cable
    – One wire for both network and electricity
    – Phones, cameras, wireless access points
    – Useful in difficult-to-power areas
  • Power provided at the switch
    – Built-in power - Endspans
    – In-line power injector - Midspans
18
Q

PoE switch

A
  • Power over Ethernet
    – Commonly marked on the switch or interfaces
19
Q
  • Power provided on an Ethernet cable
    – One wire for both network and electricity
    – Phones, cameras, wireless access points
    – Useful in difficult-to-power areas
  • Power provided at the switch
    – Built-in power - Endspans
    – In-line power injector - Midspans
A

Power over Ethernet (PoE)

20
Q
  • Power over Ethernet
    – Commonly marked on the switch or interfaces
A

PoE switch

21
Q

PoE, PoE+, PoE++

A
  • PoE: IEEE 802.3af-2003
    – The original PoE specification
    – Now part of the 802.3 standard
    – 15.4 watts DC power, 350 mA max current
  • PoE+: IEEE 802.3at-2009
    – Now also part of the 802.3 standard
    – 25.5 watts DC power, 600 mA max current
  • PoE++: IEEE 802.3bt-2018
    – 51 W (Type 3), 600 mA max current
    – 71.3 W (Type 4), 960 mA max current
    – PoE with 10GBASE-T
22
Q

Hub

A
  • “Multi-port repeater”
    – Traffic going in one port is repeated to
    every other port
  • Everything is half-duplex
  • Becomes less efficient as network traffic increases
  • 10 megabit / 100 megabit
  • Difficult to find today
23
Q
  • PoE: IEEE 802.3af-2003
    – The original PoE specification
    – Now part of the 802.3 standard
    – 15.4 watts DC power, 350 mA max current
  • PoE+: IEEE 802.3at-2009
    – Now also part of the 802.3 standard
    – 25.5 watts DC power, 600 mA max current
  • PoE++: IEEE 802.3bt-2018
    – 51 W (Type 3), 600 mA max current
    – 71.3 W (Type 4), 960 mA max current
    – PoE with 10GBASE-T
A

PoE, PoE+, PoE++

24
Q
  • “Multi-port repeater”
    – Traffic going in one port is repeated to
    every other port
  • Everything is half-duplex
  • Becomes less efficient as network traffic increases
  • 10 megabit / 100 megabit
  • Difficult to find today
A

Hub

25
Q

Cable modem

A
  • Broadband
    – Transmission across multiple frequencies – Different traffic types
  • Data on the “cable” network
    – DOCSIS (Data Over Cable Service Interface Specification)
  • High-speed networking
    – Speeds up to 1 Gigabit/s are available
  • Multiple services
    – Data, voice, video
26
Q

DSL modem

A
  • ADSL (Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line)
    – Uses telephone lines
  • Download speed is faster than the upload
    speed (asymmetric)
    – ~10,000 foot limitation from the central office (CO)
    – 52 Mbit/s downstream / 16 Mbit/s upstream are
    common
    – Faster speeds may be possible if closer to the CO
27
Q

ONT

A
  • Optical network terminal
    – Fiber to the premises
  • Connect the ISP fiber network to the copper network
    – Demarcation point (demarc) in the data center
    – Terminal box on the side of the building
  • Line of responsibility
    – One side of the box is the ISP
    – Other side of the box is your network

ISP = Internet Service Provider

28
Q

Network Interface Card (NIC)

A
  • The fundamental network device
    – Every device on the network has a NIC
    – Computers, servers, printers, routers, switches,
    phones, tablets, cameras, etc.
  • Specific to the network type
    – Ethernet, WAN, wireless, etc.
  • Often built-in to the motherboard
    – Or added as an expansion card
  • Many options - Single port, multi-port, copper, fiber
29
Q

SDN (Software Defined Networking)

A
  • Networking devices have different functional planes of operation
    – Data, control, and management planes
  • Split the functions into separate logical units
    – Extend the functionality and management
    of a single device
    – Perfectly built for the cloud
  • Infrastructure layer / Data plane
    – Process the network frames and packets
    – Forwarding, trunking, encrypting, NAT
  • Control layer / Control plane
    – Manages the actions of the data plane
    – Routing tables, session tables, NAT tables
    – Dynamic routing protocol updates
  • Application layer / Management plane – Configure and manage the device
    – SSH, browser, API
30
Q
  • Networking devices have different functional planes of operation
    – Data, control, and management planes
  • Split the functions into separate logical units
    – Extend the functionality and management
    of a single device
    – Perfectly built for the cloud
  • Infrastructure layer / Data plane
    – Process the network frames and packets
    – Forwarding, trunking, encrypting, NAT
  • Control layer / Control plane
    – Manages the actions of the data plane
    – Routing tables, session tables, NAT tables
    – Dynamic routing protocol updates
  • Application layer / Management plane
    – Configure and manage the device
    – SSH, browser, API
A

SDN (Software Defined Networking)

31
Q
  • The fundamental network device
    – Every device on the network has a NIC
    – Computers, servers, printers, routers, switches,
    phones, tablets, cameras, etc.
  • Specific to the network type
    – Ethernet, WAN, wireless, etc.
  • Often built-in to the motherboard
    – Or added as an expansion card
  • Many options - Single port, multi-port, copper, fiber
A

Network Interface Card (NIC)

32
Q
  • Optical network terminal – Fiber to the premises
  • Connect the ISP fiber network to the copper network – Demarcation point (demarc) in the data center
    – Terminal box on the side of the building
  • Line of responsibility
    – One side of the box is the ISP
    – Other side of the box is your network
A

ONT

33
Q
  • ADSL (Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line)
    – Uses telephone lines
  • Download speed is faster than the upload
    speed (asymmetric)
    – ~10,000 foot limitation from the central office (CO)
    – 52 Mbit/s downstream / 16 Mbit/s upstream are
    common
    – Faster speeds may be possible if closer to the CO
A

DSL modem

34
Q
  • Broadband
    – Transmission across multiple frequencies
    – Different traffic types
  • Data on the “cable” network
    – DOCSIS (Data Over Cable Service Interface Specification)
  • High-speed networking
    – Speeds up to 1 Gigabit/s are available
  • Multiple services
    – Data, voice, video
A

Cable modem

CompTIA A+ 1101 (10 decks)

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