22. Filovirus

Question 1

what is the most known filovirus

Answer 1

ebola

Question 2

what is shape of filovirus?

Answer 2

snake with sharp turns

Question 3

what were the 5 ebola strains?

Answer 3

1. Ebola-Sudan (1976)
2. Ebola-Zaire
3. Ebola Reston
4. Ebola Tai Forest (1994)
5. Ebola Bundibugyo (2007)

Question 4

what happened with Ebola Reston?

Answer 4

only some ppl got infected and seroconverted but never got illness

Question 5

how did Ebola Tai Forest come about?

Answer 5

woman worked on dead chimpanzee and accidentally infected herself

Question 6

where does the name ebola come from?

Answer 6

shape of ebola river resembles shape of virus

Question 7

6 proteins in ebola and locations

Answer 7

1. matrix under membrane
2. GP on surface
3. minor nucleoprotein VP30
4. major nucleoprotein N
5. polymerase complex protein VP35 at 3’ end
6. polymerase L at 3’ end

Question 8

how does transcription and replication of filovirus compare to paramyxo/rhabdovirus?

Answer 8

exactly same

Question 9

what 3 proteins are responsible for genome processing?

Answer 9

NP, VP35, L

Question 10

what allows for production of polyA tail?

Answer 10

stem loops in mRNA cause polymerase to pause/stutter that makes polyA tail

Question 11

pathogenesis of ebola

Answer 11

infects macrophages, DCs, lymphocytes and causes them to release cytokines

Question 12

how does ebola enter cells?

Answer 12

endosome

Question 13

where does ebola replicate in the cell?

Answer 13

cytoplasmic replication

Question 14

what is the natural host of ebola?

Answer 14

fruit bats

Question 15

describe the 8 steps for progression of ebola infection

Answer 15

1. virus enters thru bodily fluids
2. incubates for 2-21 days
3. attacks immune system, WBCs
4. infected cells transport throughout body
5. forms blood clots that damage organs and depletes clotting agents
6. immune system undergoes cytokine storm
7. attacks all organs
8. death due to organ failure or hypovolemic shock

Question 16

what is hypovolemic shock?

Answer 16

loss of >20% blood or fluid supply

Question 17

what can happen in recovered patients?

Answer 17

virus can persist for months in eye, fluids, CNS

Question 18

progression of symptoms (4 stages)

Answer 18

1. headache, fatigue, fever, muscle soreness
2. sudden high fever, vomiting, passive
3. bruising, brain damage, bleeding
4. loss of consciousness, seizures, internal bleeding, death

Question 19

what can happen to eyes if infected with ebola?

Answer 19

one man noticed his eye turned from blue to green –> virus found in eye even after he was considered to be cured

Question 20

what is good about the new ebola protective suit?

Answer 20

1 suit, no danger when removing, fewer points of contamination, etc.

Question 21

what animal was originally thought to be the origin of ebola? why?

Answer 21

gorillas/apes –> ppl who ate gorillas/apes got ebola

Question 22

how do apes and humans get ebola?

Answer 22

from eating food or touching things that bats (natural reservoir) have drooled/pooped on

Question 23

what percent of ppl was ebola killing by 2014?

Answer 23

70% infected ppl got ebola

Question 24

2 experimental Ebola vaccines

Answer 24

1. NIAID/GSK vaccine based on chimpanzee adenovirus type 3 used as vector for Zaire and Sudan Ebola glycoprotein genes
2. vaccine based on recombinant VSV virus expressing Zaire Ebola glycoprotein

Question 25

results of rVSV-ZEBOV

Answer 25

highly protective

Question 26

results of recombinant adenovirus type 5 ebola vaccine

Answer 26

stimulated immune response, response decreased over 6 months after injection

Question 27

method of vaccination? why?

Answer 27

RING vaccination –> bc not enough doses for everyone