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Politics Paper 1 > 2.2 Established political parties > Flashcards

2.2 Established political parties Flashcards

1
Q

What are ‘values?

A

Long-term and abstract principles

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2
Q

What are ‘policies?

A

What is being done to achieve the desired values

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3
Q

When was the Conservative party established?

A

1834

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4
Q

What was the conservative party of the 19th century closely associated with?

A
  • Tradition
  • Stability and strong government
  • Pragmatism
  • Protection of property
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5
Q

Under what PM did the Conservative party embrace ‘New Right’ principles?

A

Thatcher

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6
Q

What is the ‘new right’?

A

Combines neoliberalism (free market, low tax, small welfare state) with neoconservatism (strong law and order, strong defence, tradition)

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7
Q

How would the Conservative party be described today?

A

Contains elements of neoliberalism and neoconservatism but combines this with a more tolerant attitude to social values and a return to on-nation values

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8
Q

Recent Conservative policies linked to neoliberalism:

A
  • Commitment to lower taxation

- 2019 manifesto commitment to not increase VAT

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9
Q

Recent Conservative policies linked to neoconservatism:

A
  • Cutting immigration
  • Brexit
  • Strong law and order
  • 2019 manifesto commitment to give police enhanced stop and search powers
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10
Q

Recent Conservative policies linked to one nation:

A
  • Support for gay marriage
  • National living wage
  • 2019 manifesto commitment to put £5billion into a new social care package
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11
Q

When was the Labour party established?

A

1900

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12
Q

What are the main principles of Old Labour?

A

Re-distribution: higher taxes on the wealthy
Nationalisation
Generous welfare provision
Collectivism (work together)

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13
Q

Old Labour: which Labour PM introduced the NHS?

A

Clement Atlee (1945-1951)

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14
Q

Old Labour: what policies did Harold Wilson introduce?

A

Increase tax + invest in welfare state
Established the Open University
1968 Race Relations Act

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15
Q

What triggered Labour’s shift to the right with New Labour?

A

In 1980 Michael Foot moved the party very left-wing – 1983 manifesto described as the ‘longest suicide note in history’ combined with Thatcher’s success on the right

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16
Q

Who was Blair influenced by with New Labour?

A

Anthony Giddens – 3rd Way

17
Q

What were the main principles of New Labour under Blair?

A
  • No commitment to nationalisation or redistribution
  • Less focus on collectivism and equality
  • State is an enabler eg tuition fees
  • Tougher line on law and order eg ASBOs
  • Constitutional reform
18
Q

What were the proposed principles from Corbyn?

A
  • Renationalisation
  • Abolition of student fees
  • Large scale investment in NHS
  • Increase in top rate of tax
19
Q

2019 Conservative manifesto: The economy

A
  • Corporation tax cut (19% to 17%)
  • No VAT increase
  • Raise national living wage to £10.50
  • Keep universal credit
20
Q

Conservative manifesto: welfare

A
  • £20.5 billion extra funding by 2024, 50,000 more nurses, 40 new hospitals over next 10 years
  • £7 billion a year more for schools, increase teacher’s salaries
  • 20,000 more police, £2.5 billion for prison improvement, greater stop and search
  • Net zero emissions by 2050
21
Q

Conservative manifesto: foreign policy

A
  • End free movement after Brexit
  • EU citizens to wait 5 years before accessing benefits
  • Australian style points system
22
Q

Labour Party today under Starmer: economy

A

OLD LABOUR:

  • Nationalisation of water and energy
  • Windfall tax
  • Starmer’s 10 pledges - increase tax for top 5% of earners

NEW LABOUR:
Stressed his pro-business outlook

23
Q

Labour Party today under Starmer: welfare

A

OLD LABOUR:

  • Commitment to NHS
  • Starmer committed to abolishing tuition fees
  • 10 pledges - social justice

Nb Even under Blair this policy area didn’t shift

24
Q

Labour Party today under Starmer: law and order

A

OLD LABOUR

  • nothing

NEW LABOUR

  • Starmer speech to bring in tougher sentencing on knife crime and sex offences
  • Critical of anti-social behaviour (Blair)
  • Rayner said ‘shoot first ask questions later’ regarding terrorists
25
Q

Labour Party today under Starmer: foreign affairs

A

OLD LABOUR

  • 10 pledges - ‘no more illegal wars’ = dig at Blair over Iraq

NEW LABOUR

  • Very pro EU (Old lAbour are lukewarm about EU)
  • Emphasis on patriotism
  • 2022 speech criticised Corbyn about being anti-NATO
26
Q

When was the Liberal Democrat party established?

A

1988

However the Liberal Party has been dominant since 19th century

27
Q

How did the Liberal Party evolve?

A

By the start of the 20th century, it had moved away from classical liberalism (minimal state, laissez-faire, individual freedom) towards modern liberalism (state intervention, free market regulation)

28
Q

What aided the downfall of the Liberal party?

A

Growing support for the Labour party from 1900 onwards

29
Q

How did the Liberal Democrats form?

A

The Liberals entered a pact with ex-Labour MPs to create the Social Democrats and the ‘alliance’ before merging formally to establish the Liberal Democrats in 1988

30
Q

What success have the Lib Dems had?

A
  • In 2005 they won 22% of the votes (62 seats)

- 2010 Coalition with the Conservative party

31
Q

What values and policies are the Lib Dems associated with today?

A
  • Emphasis on social justice Eg 2019 manifesto commitment to increase income tax by 1p
  • Support for welfare state Eg 2017 manifesto promise to provide free school meals
  • Protect human rights eg 2019 commitment to take in more refugee children
  • Multinational approach to global politics Eg 2019 pledge to stop Brexit
  • Libertarian role of government Eg 2019 legalise cannabis

Politics Paper 1 (6 decks)

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