2.2 Cloud & Virtualization

Question 1

Cloud models: what is Infrastructure as a service (IaaS)?

Answer 1

IaaS is a form of cloud computing that provides virtualized computing resources over the internet. In the IaaS model, the cloud provider manages IT infrastructures such as storage, server and networking resources, and delivers them to subscriber organizations via virtual machines accessible through the internet.

The OS and application that are running on the OS are in charge of the organization.

Question 2

Cloud models: what are the benefits of IaaS ?

Answer 2

IaaS can have many benefits for organizations, such as potentially making workloads faster, easier, more flexible and more cost efficient.

Question 3

Cloud models: what is Software as a service (SaaS)?

Answer 3

SaaS is a way of delivering applications over the Internet—as a service. Instead of installing and maintaining software, you simply access it via the Internet, freeing yourself from complex software and hardware management.
No OS configuration needed, no application maintenance or development

Question 4

Cloud models: what is Platform as a service (PaaS)?

Answer 4

In the middleground between IaaS and SaaS.
PaaS is a complete development and deployment environment in the cloud, with resources that enable you to deliver everything from simple cloud-based apps to sophisticated, cloud-enabled enterprise applications.

Question 5

Cloud models: what is Anything as a service (XaaS)?

Answer 5

It a lmix of all cloud models which is delivered over the internet.
IT becomes more of an operating model: less cost-center model and IT function can be changed into a service

Question 6

Cloud models: name all the component needed for infrastructure to work and say who is managing it ?

Answer 6

• On-premises client manage eveything: application, data, runtime, middleware, OS, Virtualization, servers, storage, networking
• IaaS client managed: application, data, runtime, middleware, OS (the reste is managed by the cloud provider)
• PaaS client manage: application & data (the reste is managed by the cloud provider)
• SaaS cloud provider manage everything

Question 7

Cloud models: what is the difference between on-premises and off-premises?

Answer 7

On-premises: application are on local harware, the server is in our data center
Off-premises: a solution hosted by a third-party and usually supported by a different third-party

Question 8

Cloud models: what are the different cloud deployment models?

Answer 8

• Public: available to everyone over the Internet
• Community: several organization share the same resources to create a cloud
• Private: your own cloud
• Hybrid: a mix of public and private cloud

Question 9

Edge & Fog computing: what is cloud computing ?

Answer 9

Cloud computing is the delivery of computing services—including servers, storage, databases, networking, software, analytics, and intelligence—over the Internet (“the cloud”) to offer faster innovation, flexible resources, and economies of scale. Ex: emails, calendar, whatsapp etc

Question 10

Edge & Fog computing: what is edge computing ?

Answer 10

It refers to a range of networks and devices at or near the user. Edge is about processing data closer to where it’s being generated, enabling processing at greater speeds and volumes, leading to greater action-led results in real time. Exemple: ioT (garage door opener, alarm etc)

Question 11

Edge & Fog computing: what is fog computing ?

Answer 11

The main difference between fog and cloud computing is that cloud is a centralized scalable storage placed away from the edge, while fog is a network layer that extends cloud closer to the edge for faster data processing

Question 12

Designing the Cloud: what are the advantage of the cloud?

Answer 12

• on-demand computing power
• elasticity (scale up or down as needed)
• application also scale (access from anywhere)

Question 13

Designing the Cloud: what is a virtualization ?

Answer 13

It is technology that lets you create useful IT services using resources that are traditionally bound to hardware. It allows you to use a physical machine’s full capacity by distributing its capabilities among many users or environments. Ex: VM

Question 14

Designing the Cloud: what is a containerization ?

Answer 14

It is a software deployment process that bundles an application’s code with all the files and libraries it needs to run on any infrastructure. Ex: Docker

Question 15

Designing the Cloud: what is the difference between virtualization vs containerization ?

Answer 15

VM runs are installed on the OS whereas dockers are profided with a software that can run on any OS

Question 16

Designing the Cloud: what is serverless architecture ?

Answer 16

It is a way to build and run applications and services without having to manage infrastructure

Question 17

Designing the Cloud: what is a Virtual Private Cloud (VPC) ?

Answer 17

A virtual private cloud (VPC) is a secure, isolated private cloud hosted within a public cloud. VPC customers can run code, store data, host websites, …

Question 18

Infrastructure as Code: what is it (IaC) ?

Answer 18

IaC is the managing and provisioning of infrastructure through code instead of through manual processes. With IaC, configuration files are created that contain your infrastructure specifications, which makes it easier to edit and distribute configurations.

Question 19

Infrastructure as Code: what is Software Defined Networking (SDN)?

Answer 19

SDN is an architecture that abstracts different, distinguishable layers of a network to make networks agile and flexible. The goal of SDN is to improve network control by enabling enterprises and service providers to respond quickly to changing business requirements.

Question 20

Virtualization security: why is it important to have a formal process and documentation ?

Answer 20

Because the VM can be sprawled (étalé) everywhere making it difficult to know which VM is doing what and difficult to deprovision

Question 21

Virtualization security: what is virtual machine escape attack ?

Answer 21

Break out of the VM and interact with the host OS or hardware (serious security concern)