2.2 Biological Molecules

Question 1

What are Carbohydrates, Lipids and Proteins classed as?

Answer 1

Biological molecules

Question 2

What chemical elements are Carbohydrates made out of?

Answer 2

Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen

{CHO}

Question 3

What chemical elements are Lipids made out of?

Answer 3

Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen

{CHO}

Question 4

What chemical elements are Proteins made out of?

Answer 4

Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, (Nitrogen), (Sulfur)

{CHO(N)(S)}

Question 5

What chemical elements are Nucleic Acids made out of?

Answer 5

Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen, Phosphorus

{CHONP}

Question 6

What is the major component of cells?

Answer 6

Water

Question 7

What percentage of water makes up the human body?

Answer 7

60-70%

Question 8

What are the uses of water?

Answer 8

• Reactant in cells
• Provides structural support in cells
• Keeps organisms cool to maintain optimum body
  temperature

Question 9

What are the properties of water?

Answer 9

• Metabolic importance
• High heat capacity
• Heat of vapourization
• Cohesive properties
• Useful as a solvent

Question 10

What does the structure of water molecules help us do?

Answer 10

It helpds us undersatnd hydrogen bonding and the function of water.

Question 11

What are water molecules made from?

Answer 11

One Oxygen atom and two Hyrdrogen atoms

Question 12

What type of molecule is water?

Answer 12

Polar molecule

Question 13

What makes a water molecule polar?

Answer 13

The oxygen atoms are slighly negatively charged and the hydrogen atoms are slightly positively charged in water.

Question 14

What does the polarity of water molecules mean?

Answer 14

That a hydrogen atom on one water molecule is attracted to the oxygen atom on another water molecule. (This is called hydrogen bonding)

Question 15

What is a Hydrolysis reaction?

Answer 15

Molecules are broken down with the addition of water

Question 16

What is a Condensation reaction?

Answer 16

Molecules joined together with the removal of water.

Question 17

What is latent heat of vapourisation?

Answer 17

The amount of energy needed to change 1g of a liquid substance to a gas.

Question 18

What happens when water is evaporated?

Answer 18

When water evaporates, energy is used up, which cools the environment where the evaporation is taking place.

Question 19

What is specific heat capacity?

Answer 19

The amount of heat 1kg of a substance must absorb or lose to change its temperature by 1°C

Question 20

Why does water take a long time to heat and cool?

Answer 20

Water has a high specific heat capacity

Question 21

Why is water a good solvent?

Answer 21

Ions and polar molecules can easily dissolve in it

Question 22

What is cohesion?

Answer 22

The strong attraction between water molecules due to hydrogen bonds.

Question 23

What does cohesion produce?

Answer 23

Surface tension (where water meets air)

Question 24

What do the features of water make it ideal for?

Answer 24

Habitats

Question 25

Why is water an ideal habitat?

Answer 25

Water is a highly stable enviornment that doesn’t change easily.

Question 26

What are monomers?

Answer 26

Monomers are all the single subunits, or building blocks, of life.

Question 27

Examples of monomers

Answer 27

Amino acids, Nucleotides, Monosaccharides

Question 28

What are polymers?

Answer 28

Polymers are formed by combining monomers using covalet bonds.

Question 29

Examples of polymers

Answer 29

Protein, DNA, Starch

Question 30

What are monosaccharides?

Answer 30

Monosaccharides are simple sugrs containing three to seven carbon atoms.

Question 31

Examples of monosaccharides

Answer 31

Glucose, Galactose (found in milk), Fructose (found in fruit)

Question 32

What type of sugar is glucose?

Answer 32

Hexose

Question 33

What is the chemical formula of glucose?

Answer 33

C6H12O6

Question 34

What is glucose an important source of?

Answer 34

Energy in humans

Question 35

What does glucose help to make during cellular respiration?

Answer 35

The energy released by glucose helps tomake ATP

Question 36

What are isomers?

Answer 36

Isomers have the same molecular formula but a different arrangement of atoms in space

Question 37

Examples of isomers

Answer 37

Alpha-glucose and Beta-glucose

Question 38

What do two monosaccharides form when they join via condensation?

Answer 38

They form a disaccharide

Question 39

What forms when more than two monosaccharides join together?

Answer 39

They form a polysaccharide chain

Question 40

Examples of disaccharides

Answer 40

• Maltose
• Lactose
• Sucrose

Question 41

What does GLUCOSE + GLUCOSE make?

Answer 41

Maltose

Question 42

What does GLUCOSE + FRUCTOSE make?

Answer 42

Sucrose

Question 43

What does GLUCOSE + GALACTOSE make?

Answer 43

Lactose

Question 44

What may the polysaccharide chain be?

Answer 44

Branched or Unbranched

Question 45

Examples of polysaccharides

Answer 45

Starch, Glycogen, Cellulose

Question 46

What forms glycosidic bonds?

Answer 46

Condensation reaction to form an Oxygen link between the two monosaccharides (with water being released)

Question 47

What breaks glycosidic bonds?

Answer 47

A hydrolysis reaction occurs (water is added) and it breaks the oxygen-link that was between the two monosaccharides.