2.2 Atomic structure and the Periodic Table

Question 1

What are the three subatomic particles in an atom?

Answer 1

Protons, Neutrons, Electrons.

Question 2

Where are protons and neutrons located in an atom?

Answer 2

In the nucleus.

Question 3

Where are electrons located in an atom?

Answer 3

In shells around the nucleus.

Question 4

What is the relative charge of a proton?

Answer 4

+1.

Question 5

What is the relative charge of a neutron?

Answer 5

0 (neutral).

Question 6

What is the relative charge of an electron?

Answer 6

-1.

Question 7

What is the proton number (atomic number)?

Answer 7

The number of protons in the nucleus of an atom.

Question 8

What is a proton?

Answer 8

A positively charged particle found in the nucleus of an atom.

Question 9

What is an isotope?

Answer 9

Atoms of the same element with different numbers of neutrons.

Question 10

How do you calculate the number of neutrons in an atom?

Answer 10

Mass number - Atomic number.

Question 11

What is the electron configuration of an atom?

Answer 11

The arrangement of electrons in shells around the nucleus.

Question 12

What is an ion?

Answer 12

A charged atom, formed by losing or gaining electrons.

Question 13

What happens when an atom loses an electron?

Answer 13

It becomes a positively charged ion (cation).

Question 14

What happens when an atom gains an electron?

Answer 14

It becomes a negatively charged ion (anion).

Question 15

What is the difference between atomic number and mass number?

Answer 15

Atomic number is the number of protons; mass number is the total of protons and neutrons.

Question 16

What is the maximum number of electrons in the first shell?

Answer 16

2 electrons.

Question 17

What is the maximum number of electrons in the second shell?

Answer 17

8 electrons.

Question 18

What is the maximum number of electrons in the third shell?

Answer 18

8 electrons (but can hold up to 18).

Question 19

What is the periodic table?

Answer 19

A chart that organizes elements by atomic number and properties.

Question 20

What are groups in the periodic table?

Answer 20

Columns of elements that have similar properties.

Question 21

What are periods in the periodic table?

Answer 21

Rows of elements that show a pattern of properties.

Question 22

What is a covalent bond?

Answer 22

A bond formed when two atoms share electrons.

Question 23

What is an ionic bond?

Answer 23

A bond formed when one atom gives up electrons to another atom.

Question 24

What is the rule for filling electron shells?

Answer 24

Fill the lowest energy shell first, then move to higher shells.

Question 25

What is a compound?

Answer 25

A substance made from two or more elements chemically bonded.

Question 26

What is a molecule?

Answer 26

Two or more atoms bonded together.

Question 27

What is the octet rule?

Answer 27

Atoms tend to gain, lose, or share electrons to have eight electrons in their outer shell.

Question 28

What is an atom’s nucleus made of?

Answer 28

Protons and neutrons.

Question 29

How are elements arranged in the periodic table?

Answer 29

By increasing atomic number.

Question 30

What is the charge of the nucleus of an atom?

Answer 30

Positive, because it contains protons.

Question 31

What is a noble gas?

Answer 31

Elements in group 18 that are chemically inert and have full outer electron shells.

Question 32

What is the electron configuration of oxygen (atomic number 8)?

Answer 32

2,6 (2 electrons in the first shell, 6 in the second).

Question 33

What is a chemical reaction?

Answer 33

A process in which substances are transformed into different substances.

Question 34

What are reactants in a chemical reaction?

Answer 34

The starting substances that undergo a reaction.

Question 35

What are products in a chemical reaction?

Answer 35

The substances formed as a result of the reaction.

Question 36

What is conservation of mass?

Answer 36

Mass is neither created nor destroyed in a chemical reaction.

Question 37

What is a physical change?

Answer 37

A change in the state or appearance of a substance, but not its chemical composition.

Question 38

What is a chemical change?

Answer 38

A change where new substances are formed, with different chemical properties.

Question 39

What is the difference between a mixture and a compound?

Answer 39

A mixture is a combination of substances not chemically bonded, while a compound is formed by chemical bonding.

Question 40

What is the difference between an exothermic and endothermic reaction?

Answer 40

Exothermic reactions release energy, while endothermic reactions absorb energy.