22- Anemia Drugs

Question 1

GM-CSF

Answer 1

Sargramostim (Granulocyte-macorphage-colony-stimulating-factor)

• stimulate neutrophils
• can mobilize hematopoietic stem cells

Question 2

iron

Answer 2

necessary for the production of erythrocytes.

• absorbed better in acidic conditions.
• Can cause GI issues: NV, black stools
• recommend 8mg/d for men and postmenopausal women, and 18mg/d for premenopausal women.
• Fe dextran=IM and can cause anaphylaxis
• Fe sucrose=IV and can cause HOTN

Question 3

macrocytic anemia

Answer 3

large cells, most commonly caused by lack of vitamin B12 or B9

Question 4

microcytic anemia

Answer 4

small cells, most commonly caused by too little iron

Question 5

normoblasts

Answer 5

• various cells in the pathway to become mature RBC
• orthochromic normoblast is last to have nucleus
• becomes anucleated cell called reticulocyte

Question 6

Schilling Test

Answer 6

• test to measure if someone properly absorbs vitamin B12 normally through GI tract
• detects the presence of pernicious anemia

Question 7

transferrin

Answer 7

• serum protein that binds iron so that it can be transported in the blood to bone marrow and other tissues
• binds to transferrin receptors to release iron

Question 8

stem cell

Answer 8

starting point for all blood cells.

Question 9

ferrous salts

Answer 9

Fe2+

-better absorbed than ferric salts (Fe3+)

Question 10

cyancobalamin (B12)

Answer 10

vitamin B12 deficiency

• needed to treat neurotoxicity and anemia
• do NOT give IV– risk of anaphylaxis
• side effects- hypokalemia, expansion of reticulocytes may cause secondary iron deficieny

Question 11

erythropoietin

Answer 11

-hormone released by the kidneys that increases the rate of production of RBCs in response to falling levels of oxygen in tissues

Question 12

deferoxamine

Answer 12

iron chelator

• used for acute iron poisoning or for inherited or acquired hemochromatosis
• given either subQ or IM
• rapid IV administration can cause hypotension
• long term used can cause neurotoxicity and increased susceptibility to infection

Question 13

G-CSF

Answer 13

Granulocyte colony stimulating factor

• stimulates neutrophils
• can mobilize hematopoeitic stem cells

Question 14

folate (b9)

Answer 14

vitamin B 9 deficiency

• can mask B12 deficiency- will treat anemia but not neurotoxicity
• may reduce phenobarbital, phenytoin, primidone, raltitrexed
• black or green tea reduces absorption

Question 15

ferritin

Answer 15

best indicator of Iron Def. Anemia (IDA)

-storage of Fe