22-23-Y8 History (Spring) Flashcards
1501
John Blanke came across to England
1562
John Hawkins set off on voyagers to enslave people
1640s
Dutch merchants introduced sugar to Barbados
1750
British population at 11 million
1774
Charles Sancho was the first person of African descent to vote in the UK.
1799
Slave Trade Act – trading of enslaved people restricted to only 3 ports in the UK.
1807
Slave Trade Act – prohibited the trade in enslaved Africans in the British Empire
1833
Slave Abolition Act – aimed to abolish slavery in the British Empire
1847
James Simpson discovered Chloroform
1850
British population at 40 million
1854
John Snow completed the Broad Street pump experiment
1867
Lister published his work on Carbolic Acid
What was the Transatlantic slave economy?
The trade between Europe West Africa and the Americas.
Who was John Hawkins?
The first Englishman known to be involved in the trade in enslaved Africans starting in 1562.
How was sugar linked to the trade in enslaved Africans?
Sugar was hard work to harvest so Britain used enslaved Africans to harvest it.
Who was Dido Elizabeth Belle?
The illegitimate daughter of a Navy officer. She grew up in Lord Mansfield’s household where she as accepted as his daughter.
Who was James Emidy?
He was originally enslaved but once freed became a well-known violinist and teacher.
What was Charles Sancho?
He was a writer composer shopkeeper and abolitionist. He was the first person of African descent to vote in a British general election.
What happened to urban migration during the Industrial Revolution?
As more jobs were created in factories more people left their homes in rural areas to move into growing cities such as London Manchester and Sheffield.
What happened to population during the Industrial Revolution?
In 1750 the population of Great Britain was 11 million. In 1850 this rose to 40 million with London reaching a population of 3 million.
What happened to transportation during the Industrial Revolution?
In 1750 it took 12 days to get from London to Edinburgh. By 1850 after the invention of the train the journey was reduced to 9 hours.
What happened to living conditions during the Industrial Revolution?
As more people moved to the cities living conditions became more cramped. Working Class people were living in back to back housing with 8 - 10 people sharing a room.
Society
Groups were formed that challenged social norms. For example the Ranters and Levellers who believed that England should be made more equal.
Religion
During the Civil War parliament was dominated by Puritan (extreme protestants) and attacked what they saw as Catholic ideas in England. When Oliver Cromwell ruled over England he introduced a number of puritans laws.
Politics
Charles I was put on trial at the end of the Civil War and executed this made England a republican with Oliver Cromwell made Lord Protector. Although he had many similar powers to the King.
Women
Women during the Civil War became involved in the conflict. Mary Bankes defended Corfe Castle and Elizabeth Lilburne petition parliament to release her husband.
Why was it a part of the Empire?
•Religious: Puritan (extreme protestants) left Britain and travelled to America to escape religious persecution.•Economic: There were trade opportunities in the colonies.•Exploration: Explorers landed in America and began to claim it for British monarchs.
Why did America want independence?
•Taxation: Britain started to tax America. For example the Stamp Act and the Tea Act. •Boston Massacre: 3 American colonists killed by the British in 1770. •Sons of Liberty: A group formed to protest British taxes on America.
How did America leave the Empire?
•1775-1783: American war of independence saw the Americans fighting the British.•1776: Declaration of independence. This was where America declared they were not longer part of the British Empire.
Why was it a part of the Empire?
•Economic: The East India Company used trade agreements to gain control of land in India. •Trade: Various new products could be bought and sold from India such as spices.
Why did India want independence?
•Tax: landowners and peasants resented the land tax that Britain made all Indians pay. •Power: Indian rulers lost power and prestige as the British took over.•Religion: Indians resented the East India Company’s Christian missionaries who wanted to convert all Indians to Christianity.•Poverty: Indian industries were destroyed by British policies
How did India leave the Empire?
•1857: Indian Rebellion. •Indian independence was a much longer process than America. •1885: Indian National Congress founded. •1947: India granted Independence.
Short term causes
Causes that happen close to the event.
Substantial change
A huge amount of change.
Superficial change
A small change that only really affects the surface.
Equality
Being equal the same.
Reform
To change for the better.
Suffrage
The right to vote in political elections .
Enfranchisement
The giving of the right to vote.
Equalities Act 2010
A law that protects the rights of people.
Long term causes
Causes that happen a long time before the event but still impact it.
Civil War
A war between people of the same country.
Empire
A group of countries ruled over by a single leader or monarch.
Rebellion
To resist or fight back against government or authority.
Constitution
A set of laws.
Parliament
The law making body in the UK.
Legislation
Laws.
Abolitionist
A person who fights for the end of slavery.
1492
Christopher Columbus’ explorations of the Americas
1584
First attempted English colony in America on Roanoke Island
1607
First successful English colony in America in Virginia.
1619
First African slaves brought to Jamestown
1620
Mayflower set up a new colony in New England – Plymouth.
1642-1645
First English Civil War
1648-1649
Second English Civil War
1649
King Charles I executed for his role in the Civil War.
1649-1651
Third English Civil War
1655
Jamaica captured by Britain from the Spanish
1763
East India Company take control of Bengal
1773
Boston Tea Party
1775-83
American War of Independence
1857
The Indian Rebellion
