2.2

Question 1

Retribution:

Answer 1

means paying back, it involves inflicting punishment on the offender, jus desert meaning they deserve it. ‘eye for an eye’

Question 2

Theorists of retribution:

Answer 2

Right realism: assumes that offenders are rational actors, made the conscious choice to commit the crime
Example: Hate crime, higher tariff sentence of 2 years reflects moral outrage by the society.

Question 3

Rehabilitation:

Answer 3

is the idea that punishment can be used to reoftm or change offenders, treatment programmes to change the offenders future.
(anger training or drug treatment)

Question 4

Theorists of rehabilitation:

Answer 4

Right Realists: argue that rehabilitation has limited success, reoffending rates are high despite prisoners completing these programmes.
Marxists: these programmes shift the blame onto the individual offender and their failings, the real cause of crime is capitalism.

Question 5

Deterrence:

Answer 5

to deter someone from doing something is to stop them doing it.

Question 6

Theorists of deterrence:

Answer 6

Rational choice theory: sees individuals as rational actors that weigh up the right and wrong.

(50% of all prisoners reoffend within a year of release)

Question 7

Public Protection:

Answer 7

to remove the offenders physical capacity to offend again (prison)

Question 8

theories of public protection:

Answer 8

Lombroso: argued that it is possible to change criminals as they are biologically different to the rest of us.

Question 9

Reparation:

Answer 9

making an amends for the wrong they have done.

(may not work for all offenders)

Question 10

theories of reparation:

Answer 10

Labelling: it allows offenders to show remorse it also allows prevention them being punished.