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Pathogenic Microbiology > 2.2 > Flashcards

2.2 Flashcards

microbial structure: appendages

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1
Q

What are the three appendages that microbes can have?

A
  1. flagella
  2. pilus
  3. fimbriae
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2
Q

What are flagella?

A

An appendage that mores in a propeller fashion that is embedded into the cell membrane and cell wall
- The primary function is locomotion
- can be a sensory organelle
- Run & Tumble: run the initial movement of
flagella moving CCW and tumble to sense the
surroundings; flagella move CW

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3
Q

How are spirochetal endoflagella different from actual flagella?

A

diderms: flagella in spirochetes are embedded into the cell membrane and peptidoglycan layer but remain in the periplasmic space (does not leave the cell, stays within)
- essentially gram-negative but not LPS/LOS
ex. treponema pallidum & borrelia burgdorferi

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4
Q

What is the type III secretion system?

A

specialized flagella that secrete virulence factors, found in many gram (-) microbes
- attachment proteins
- toxins
- immune evasion
Needle is already out and ready to puncture host membrane

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4
Q

What are pili?

A

appendages that emerge from the cell surface
- movement
- secretion
- conjugation
- attachment

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5
Q

What is the type IV pilus?

A

the primary function of motility
- more rigid, twitching
- exhibits crawling or walking moves

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6
Q

What is the type IV secretion system?

A

secrete virulence factors, transfer & uptake DNA, potentially “steal” resources from the host
- only extends when it senses host cell
- both gram (-) & (+)

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7
Q

what is the type VI secretion system?

A

secrete virulence factors into the target cell; similar to bacteriophage
- JUST CALLED AN APPENDAGE

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8
Q

What does the conjugation pilus do?

A

transfer genetic material from donor to recipient cell
- secretion system 4 mediates this process
- sex pilus or F pilus
- encoded by F factor (fertility factor)
ex. antibiotic resistance plasmid can be transferred, not part of actual DNA

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9
Q

What are Fimbriae?

A

specialized pili whose main function is adherence and releases vital pathogen virulence facto; colonization factor antigen (CFA)
- grabs ahold of receptors and attach proteins to colonize host cell
- grabs onto multiple microbes to further colonize

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10
Q

What is afimbrial adhesion?

A

attachment without fimbriae
- adhesions found on cell wall
ex. glycocalyx

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11
Q

Atrichous

A

no flagella

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12
Q

monotrichous

A

one flagella

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13
Q

amphitrichous

A

two flagella, one on both ends

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14
Q

peritrichous

A

multiple flagella all around

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15
Q

lophotrichous

A

3 flagella at one end

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16
Q

cephalotrichous

A

3 flagella at both ends

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17
Q

Which microbes have spirochetal endoflagella?

A

diderms: treponema pallidum
borrelia burgdorferi

18
Q

Chlamydia trachomatis

A

type III

19
Q

Which microbe has the type IV pilus?

A

acinetobacter baumannii or iraqibacter

20
Q

Bordetella pertussis

A

type IV
attachment pilus (fimbriae)

21
Q

helicobater pylori

A

type IV

22
Q

legionella pneumophila

A

type IV

23
Q

neisseria spp.

A

type IV

24
Q

streptococcus spp.

A

type IV
attachment pilus (fimbriae)

25
Q

agrobacterium tumefaciens

A

type IV

26
Q

E.coli

A

type III, type IV & type I
attachment pilus (fimbriae)

27
Q

pseudomonas aeruginosa

A

type III & type VI

28
Q

salmonella spp.

A

type III

29
Q

shigella spp.

A

type III

30
Q

vibrio cholerae

A

type III & type VI
attachment pilus (fimbriae)

31
Q

yersinia pestis

A

type III

32
Q

bordetella pertussis

A

attachment pilus (fimbriae)

33
Q

klebsiella pneumoniae

A

attachment pilus (fimbriae)

34
Q

staphylococcus spp.

A

attachment pilus (fimbriae)

35
Q

staphylococcus aureus

A

type IV

36
Q

clostridium spp.

A

type IV

37
Q

bacillus spp.

A

type IV

38
Q

Uropathogenic E. coli (UPEC)

A

UTIs via attachment pilus

39
Q

enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC)

A

noninvasive, produces toxins (travelers diarrhea)

40
Q

enteroaggregative E. coli (EAEC)

A

noninvasive but form aggregates, produces toxins (acute or chronic diarrhea)

41
Q

enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC)

A

moderately invasive, does not produce toxins (diarrhea especially newborns)

42
Q

enteroinvasive E. coli (EIEC)

A

highly invasive, produces toxins (dysentery, fever)

43
Q

enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC)

A

moderately invasive, produces toxins (dysentery, hemorrhagic, hemolytic uremic syndrome)

Pathogenic Microbiology (6 decks)

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