2.2 Flashcards
Particle theory
how matter changes state depending on the energy and forces present between the particles in the substance
Relative strength of forces
amount of energy needed to change from a solid to a liquid and from a liquid to a gas
The stronger the forces between particles
The higher boiling and melting points
When substances are heated…
Particles absorb thermal energy later converted into kinetic
How does a solid melt
Heating vibrates particles, vibrating a lot the solid expands letting the bonds beak
When a lot lot of heating is done to solids
Liquid substance expands more, particles of surface gain energy to overcome intermolecular forces and they evaporate
What happens when boiling point is reached
Particles gain enough energy for the intermolecular forces to break and molecules to escape
While changing state what happens to substance
Temperature remains the same as heat energy breaks bonds inside particles (latent heat)
What particles does particle theory contAin
Small solid and inelastic
Particle theory doesn’t consider…
Atoms ions molecules or intermolecular forces
What happens to the tEmperature during a state change
There is no change
How will the substance be in liquid state
Betweeen melting and boiling point
Above the boiling point what happens to substance
Will be in gas state
Solids
-Strong forces of attraction, particles packed closely together regular pattern.
-Atoms vibrate in fixed position
-fixed volume and shape high density.
-Small amount of energy
Liquid
-Weaker attractive forces between particles, irregular unified form
-particles can move and slide past each other (ability to flow)
-fixed volume, not shape, high density
-more energy than solid, less than gass
