2.16 Cell Division And replication Flashcards
What is the main role of mitosis?
To produce identical daughter cells for growth and asexual reproduction
Mitosis does not give rise to genetic variation.
How many stages are there in the cell cycle?
Three stages
The stages are interphase, mitosis, and cytokinesis.
What are the four stages of mitosis?
- Prophase
- Metaphase
- Anaphase
- Telophase
What occurs during cytokinesis?
The parent and replicated organelles move to opposite sides and the cytoplasm divides
This results in the production of two daughter cells.
What happens during interphase?
The cell grows and prepares to divide, chromosomes and some organelles are replicated
Chromosomes also begin to condense.
What happens to the nuclear envelope during prophase?
It breaks down and disappears.
What is the role of spindle fibres during metaphase?
Chromosomes attach to the spindle fibres via centromeres.
What is separated during anaphase?
Sister chromatids.
What occurs during telophase?
The nuclear envelope reforms, spindle breaks down, and chromosomes uncoil.
What is the main role of meiosis?
Production of haploid gametes, leading to genetic variation.
What contributes to genetic variation during meiosis?
- Crossing over of chromatids
- Independent assortment of chromosomes
What are the stages of meiosis I?
- Prophase I
- Metaphase I
- Anaphase I
- Telophase I
What is synapsis in prophase I?
The pairing of homologous chromosomes.
What is the result of telophase I?
The nuclear envelope reforms around haploid nuclei.
What happens during meiosis II?
Another round of cell division occurs, leading to four haploid daughter cells.
What occurs during anaphase II?
The centromeres split, separating chromatids.
What is the function of xylem tissue?
- Transport water and minerals
- Provide structural support
What is the role of phloem tissue?
Translocation of food substances and nutrients from leaves to storage organs and growing parts of the plant.
What are the two types of epithelial tissue?
- Squamous
- Ciliated
What is the function of connective tissue?
Providing support and holding various structures together.
What is the primary function of muscle tissue?
Specialised for movement through contraction.
What is the role of nervous tissue?
Specialised for impulse conduction.
What are stem cells?
Undifferentiated cells that can develop into various kinds of cells.
What is differentiation?
The process by which a cell specializes to carry out a particular function.
