2.1.5 Eukaryotic Cells Flashcards
1
Q
Cell Wall
A
- Plant cells
- Structural support
- Cellulose in plants, peptidoglycan in bacteria
2
Q
Nucleus
A
- All eukaryotic cells (except RBCs)
- Surrounded by nuclear envelope with nuclear pores
- Contains chromatin
- Nucleolus site of ribosome production
3
Q
Mitochondria
A
- Site of aerobic respiration in eukaryotic cells
- Surrounded by double membrane with inner membrane folded in to form cristae
- Matrix formed by cristae contains enzymes needed for aerobic respiration producing ATP
- DNA and ribosomes for replication in matrix
4
Q
Chloroplasts
A
- Plant cells
- Double membrane
- Thylakoids containing chlorophyll stack to form grana
- Grana joined by lamellae
- Site of photosynthesis
- DNA and ribosomes for replication
5
Q
Ribosomes
A
- All cells
- Proteinsynthesis
- Found in cytoplasm or endoplasmic reticulum
- 80s ribosomes found in eukaryotic
- 70s ribosomes found in prokaryotes, mitochondria and chloroplasts
6
Q
Rough endoplasmic reticulum
A
- Animal and plant cells
- Surface covered in ribosomes
- Formed with continuous folds of membrane with nuclear envelope
- Processes proteins made by ribosomes
7
Q
Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
A
- Plant and animal cells
- No ribosomes on surface
- Produces, processes and stores lipids carbs and steroids
8
Q
Golgi apparatus
A
- Plant and animal cells
- Flattened sacs of membrane
- Modifies proteins and lipids before packaging them into golgi vesicles
- Vesicles transport proteins and lipids to required destination
9
Q
Permanent vacuole
A
- Sac in plants
- Surrounded by tonoplast
- Storage
10
Q
Vesicles
A
-Membrane bound sac for transport and storage
11
Q
Lysosomes
A
- Vesicles containing hydrolytic enzymes
- Break down waste materials
- Used in immune system and apoptosis
12
Q
Centrioles
A
- Animals and mature plants
- Hollow fibres made of microtubules
- 2 centrioles at right angles make a centrosome, organising spindle fibres during cell division
13
Q
Microtubules
A
- Eukaryotic
- Cytoskeleton
- Made of α and β tubulin combined to form dimers, the dimers are then joined into protofilaments
- 13 protofilaments in a cylinder make a microtubule
- Cytoskeleton provides support and movement of cell
14
Q
Microvilli
A
- Cell membrane projections
- Increased surface area of cell surface membrane to increase rate of exchange of substances
15
Q
Cilia
A
- Hair like projections
- Allows movement of substances over cell membrane
