2.14 Pharm_ Intro to Blood clotting Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 4 major events of hemostasis?

A

Hemostasis is composes of 4 major events that
occur in a set order:
Vasoconstriction
Platelet Actions: Adhesion, Activation,
Release or Secretion,
Aggregation
Fibrin Clot formation/coagulation
Fibrinolysis

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2
Q

Thrombus vs embolus?

A

Thrombus: Blood clot
Embolus: fragment of traveling clot

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3
Q

The major components of the hemostatic system are:

A

Vascular endothelium
Platelets
Coagulation system (Part 2: CPII)
Fibrinolytic system

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4
Q

Most clotting factors and anticoagulants are made where? and what do they commonly require

A

Liver. Require Vit. K

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5
Q

Name the following factors:

I
II
III

A

I: Fibrinogen
II: Prothrombin
III: Tissue factor

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6
Q

What is the difference between FII and FIIa

A

Factor II = Prothrombin (a zymogen)
Factor IIa = Activated Factor II = Thrombin
(enzyme)

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7
Q

What inhibits Aggretation by elevated levels of cGMP?

A

NO, Nitric oxide

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8
Q

Prostacyclin inhibits what when what is elevated?

A

Prostacyclin inhibits aggregation and activation of platelets when cAMP is activated

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9
Q

t-PA

A

Activates fibrinolysis. Activates Plasminogen to plasmin

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10
Q

Primary homeostasis?

A

Platelet Plug formation

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11
Q

What are the 3 mediators released by platelet activation that cause vasoconstriction?

A
serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine; 5-HT) 
            thromboxane A2 (TXA2) - a prostaglandin
            epinephrine
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12
Q

Response to injured vessel:

Exposure of blood to_______ that activates the intrinsic coagulation pathway.
Exposure of blood to ______FACTOR that activates the extrinsic coagulation pathway.

A

subendothelial COLLAGEN

subendothelial TISSUE

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13
Q

Secondary homeostasis

A

Formation of fibrin clot

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14
Q

Thrombin converts what to what?

A

Prothrombin is
converted to Thrombin;
Thrombin converts
Fibrinogen to Fibrin

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15
Q

Platelets come from what type of cell?

A

Megakaryocytes

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16
Q

Platelet function depends on what 3 things?

A

Platelet function depends on several integrin family glycoprotein receptors, a contractile cytoskeleton, and two types of cytoplasmic granules:

* α granules contain fibrinogen, clotting factors V and VIII
* dense bodies contain ADP, ionized calcium and serotonin
17
Q

Platelet adhsion:

How does a platelet bind to collagen?

A

Platelets bind indirectly to collagen via GPIb to von Willebrand factor (vWF) secreted by endothelial cells

18
Q

During platelet activation what is secreted?

A

TXA-2

19
Q

Go through the series of events during Platelet Adhesion, Activation, and Aggregation

A

Platelet Adhesion, Activation, and Aggregation
•Endothelial injury exposes the underlying basement membrane ECM; platelets adhere to the ECM (mainly collagen) primarily through binding of platelet GpIb receptors to vWF.
•Adhesion leads to platelet activation, an event associated with secretion of platelet granule contents, including calcium (a cofactor for several coagulation proteins) and ADP (a mediator of further platelet activation). Dramatic changes in shape and membrane composition occur along with activation of GpIIb/IIIa receptors. Activation also involves the production and secretion of TXA-2 which mediates further platelet activation and causes vasoconstriction.
•The GpIIb/IIIa receptors on activated platelets form bridging crosslinks with fibrinogen, leading to platelet aggregation.

20
Q

What inhibits fibrinolysis?

A

Alpha 2- antiplasmin

Plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI)