2.14 gene mutation Flashcards
mutation
random & permanent change in the base sequence of DNA
what is point mutation/ gene mutation?
it is when one or a small number of nucleotides are miscopied furing replication
what is substution (mutation)?
it is a type of point mutation in which one base in a gene substitutes for another
what is deletion (mutation)?
it is a type of point mutation in which a base is completely lost
what is insertion (mutation)?
it is a type of point mutation in which an extra base is added into a gene
what is whole-chromosomal mutation?
is it when an entire chromosome is lost during meiosis, or when the chromosome is duplicated in one cell only by errors in interphase
what is chromosomal mutation?
it involves changes in the positions of whole genes within the chromosomes
what are genetic diseases?
they are mutations in gametes that cause diseases and are inherited by offspring
eg thalassemia, cystic fibrosis
what are carcinogens?
they are chemicals that cause mutations
what is sickle cell disease?
it is a point mutation that causes red blood cells ot have an abnormal sickle shape and cannot transport oxygen efficiently, it also clogs blood vessels
what is silent mutation?
they are mutations that have no effect on the amino acids produced
