2.1.4 Acids And Bases Flashcards
What is an acid?
A proton (H+ ion) donor.
Releases H+ ion when dissolved in aqueous solutions.
What is a base?
A proton (H+ ion) acceptor , that neutralises acid to form salts.
What is a base?
A proton (H+ ion) acceptor , that neutralises acid to form salts.
What is an alkali?
A soluble base.
Releases OH- ions when dissolved in aqueous solution.
What is a strong acid?
An acid that completely dissociates.
What is a weak acid?
An acid that only partially dissociates.
Name the common acids.
HCl - hydrochloric
HNO3 - nitric
H2SO4 - sulfuric
CH3COOH - ethanoic
Name the common alkalis.
NaOH - sodium hydroxide
KOH - potassium hydroxide
NH3 - aqueous ammonia
Examples of bases.
Metal oxides
Metal hydroxides
Metal carbonates
Ammonia
Alkalis
What is a weak alkali?
An alkali that only partially dissociates.
Acid + carbonate ->
Salt + water + carbon dioxide
Acid + oxide ->
Salt + water
Acid + hydroxide ->
Salt + water
Acid + ammonia ->
Ammonium salt
Acid + metal ->
Salt + hydrogen
How do you calculate uncertainty?
Smallest scale division / 2
What is tolerance?
The total allowable error within an item.
Half the smallest scale division.
Uncertainty.
What is an oxidation number?
The number of electrons involved in bonding to different elements.
When us oxidation number 0?
For an element or bonding atoms of the same element.
When is hydrogen oxidation number -1?
In metal hydrides
When is oxygens oxidation number -1?
In peroxides (two oxygens)
When is oxygens oxidation nunber +2?
When bonded to flourine.
What is a REDOX reaction?
A reaction involving both reduction and oxidation (where electrons are transferred.)
What is oxidation?
Loss of electrons.
What is reduction?
Gain of electrons.
What is an oxidising agent?
Gains electrons
What is a reducing agent?
Loss of electrons.
What is aluminium oxidation number?
+3
How do we find transition metals oxidation numbers?
Calculate.
How do we identify a carbonate using practical?
1) Prepare a solution of unknown carbonate in a volumetric flask.
2) Using a pipette measure 25.00cm³ of the prepared solution.
3) Titrate using 0.1mol/dm³ HCl.
4) Calculate moles of HCl reacted, and therefore makes of carbonate reacted. Scale up if needed and use mass /moles.
