2.1.4 Acids And Bases

Question 1

What is an acid?

Answer 1

A proton (H+ ion) donor.
Releases H+ ion when dissolved in aqueous solutions.

Question 2

What is a base?

Answer 2

A proton (H+ ion) acceptor , that neutralises acid to form salts.

Question 3

What is a base?

Answer 3

A proton (H+ ion) acceptor , that neutralises acid to form salts.

Question 4

What is an alkali?

Answer 4

A soluble base.
Releases OH- ions when dissolved in aqueous solution.

Question 5

What is a strong acid?

Answer 5

An acid that completely dissociates.

Question 6

What is a weak acid?

Answer 6

An acid that only partially dissociates.

Question 7

Name the common acids.

Answer 7

HCl - hydrochloric
HNO3 - nitric
H2SO4 - sulfuric
CH3COOH - ethanoic

Question 8

Name the common alkalis.

Answer 8

NaOH - sodium hydroxide
KOH - potassium hydroxide
NH3 - aqueous ammonia

Question 9

Examples of bases.

Answer 9

Metal oxides
Metal hydroxides
Metal carbonates
Ammonia
Alkalis

Question 10

What is a weak alkali?

Answer 10

An alkali that only partially dissociates.

Question 11

Acid + carbonate ->

Answer 11

Salt + water + carbon dioxide

Question 12

Acid + oxide ->

Answer 12

Salt + water

Question 13

Acid + hydroxide ->

Answer 13

Salt + water

Question 14

Acid + ammonia ->

Answer 14

Ammonium salt

Question 15

Acid + metal ->

Answer 15

Salt + hydrogen

Question 16

How do you calculate uncertainty?

Answer 16

Smallest scale division / 2

Question 17

What is tolerance?

Answer 17

The total allowable error within an item.
Half the smallest scale division.
Uncertainty.

Question 18

What is an oxidation number?

Answer 18

The number of electrons involved in bonding to different elements.

Question 19

When us oxidation number 0?

Answer 19

For an element or bonding atoms of the same element.

Question 20

When is hydrogen oxidation number -1?

Answer 20

In metal hydrides

Question 21

When is oxygens oxidation number -1?

Answer 21

In peroxides (two oxygens)

Question 22

When is oxygens oxidation nunber +2?

Answer 22

When bonded to flourine.

Question 23

What is a REDOX reaction?

Answer 23

A reaction involving both reduction and oxidation (where electrons are transferred.)

Question 24

What is oxidation?

Answer 24

Loss of electrons.

Question 25

What is reduction?

Answer 25

Gain of electrons.

Question 26

What is an oxidising agent?

Answer 26

Gains electrons

Question 27

What is a reducing agent?

Answer 27

Loss of electrons.

Question 28

What is aluminium oxidation number?

Answer 28

+3

Question 29

How do we find transition metals oxidation numbers?

Answer 29

Calculate.

Question 30

How do we identify a carbonate using practical?

Answer 30

1) Prepare a solution of unknown carbonate in a volumetric flask.
2) Using a pipette measure 25.00cm³ of the prepared solution.
3) Titrate using 0.1mol/dm³ HCl.
4) Calculate moles of HCl reacted, and therefore makes of carbonate reacted. Scale up if needed and use mass /moles.