2.1.3 covalent bonding and ionic bonding and their properties Flashcards
covalent bonding
they are formed when 2 non-metals share electrons
why do molecules have a strong covalent bond?
they have strong bond because of their electrostatic force, this is where the positively charged nuclei of the boned atoms are attracted to share pair if electrons.
why do small covalent molecules do not conduct electricity?
this is because the molecules do not have an overall electric charge
why do small covalent molecules have low melting and boiling points? And what room temperature they are?
they are usually gases or liquids at room temperature this is because of their low melting point.
small covalent molecules have low melting and boiling point because of the weak intermolecular forces between the molecules do not require a lot of energy to break.
ionic bonding
it involves an attraction between positively charged ions: when a metal and non-metal reacts to become stable, the metal loses electrons to form positively charged ions and non-metals gains to become negatively charged ions. they also are strongly attracted by electrostatic force.
what are ionic compound structures called?
giant ionic lattice
what groups are mostly likely to have positive ions (cation)?
metals in group 1 or 2 easily loses ions so they are most likely to become positive.
what groups are mostly likely to have negative ions (anions)?
non-metals in group 7 or 6 are mostly to gain ions so they become negative.
ionic lattices
ionic lattices are giant structures that are held together by a strong electrostatic forces between oppositely charged ions
why does ionic bond occur?
this process happens because they are trying to fill up their outer electron shell. in ionic bonding a metal atom is transfers electrons to a non-metal, allowing both of them to have a full outer electron shell
why do ionic compound do not conduct any electricity when they are solids?
this is because the ions cannot move. they are locked in place by the strong electrostatic forces of attraction.
why do compounds conduct electricity when molten or dissolved in water?
because the ions can now move and carry the charge
what is the empirical formula with Ca2+ and F-?
the empirical formula is CaF2
why do ionic compound have a very high melting and boiling point?
this is because they have a strong electrostatic fore that requires a great deal of heat energy to break.
describe what happens in the reaction sodium and chlorine when ionic bond occurs?
one electron passes from the sodium atom to the chlorine atom cause the both atom s to achieve a full outer energy level.
