2.1.2h and i- Lipids Flashcards
1
Q
What are the characteristics of lipids?
A
- lipids contain C, H and O unlike carbohydrates lipids have a lot less oxygen
- lipids are non-polar molecules, so are insoluble in water
- they are soluble in organic solvents
- they are generally water hating (hydrophobic)
- building blocks are fatty acids and glycerol
- do not form polymers
2
Q
What are the types of lipids?
A
- phospholipids
- triglycerides
other lipids: - steroids
- hormones
- cholesterol
- waxes
3
Q
What is the structure and function of lipids?
A
- the function depends on the structure
- wide range of lipids have their own functions
- general functions are:
- energy storage
- metabolic water source
- membrane structure
- water proofing
- insulation
- hormones
4
Q
List the lipids that contain fatty acids
A
- triglycerides
- waxes
- phospholipids
5
Q
List the lipids that do not contain fatty acids
A
- steroids
- cholesterol
6
Q
What is the structure of fatty acids
A
consist of a long chain of carbons and hydrogen’s with a carboxyl group at one end
7
Q
What are unsaturated fatty acids?
A
the hydrocarbon chain consists of at least one double bond
8
Q
What are saturated fatty acids?
A
the hydrocarbon chain has only single bonds
9
Q
What are cis and trans fats?
A
- unsaturated fats can be Cis or Trans
- refers to the arrangement of the two hydrogen atoms bonded to the carbon atoms involved in a double bond
- cis arrangement, the hydrogen’s are on the same side of the double bond
- trans arrangement, the hydrogen’s are on opposite sides of the double bond
10
Q
Glycerol + Fatty acid ————> ?
A
Triglyceride + 3H2O (formation of ester bond)
11
Q
List the structural features of a phospholipid
A
- same as triglycerides, except one of the fatty acid chains is replaced with a phosphate group
- leads to different functions as structure is different. Are found in the cytoplasm of every cell
