2.12 IP ADDRESS Flashcards
What is an IP (Internet Protocol) address?
a 32-bit sequence of 1s and 0s, a way to identify machines on a network, a unique identifier, a numerical label.
How is IP (Internet Protocol) used?
Used to connect to another computer, allows transfers of files and e-mail.
What is an IP (Internet Protocol) Address?
Every device on a network has an IP address, some devices have more than one IP address, IP version 4 (IPv4) addresses are 32-bit addresses, IPv4 addresses are displayed in 4 octets separated by periods. E.g., 192.168.1.15 (11000000. 10101000.00000001.00001111). Part of this IP address is used to identify the network (like identifying the name of a street), part of this IP address is used to identify the host/device (like a specific house number).
What is an Internet Protocol (IP)?
Protocol used for communicating data across a packet-switched, packet switching: a method of grouping data that is transmitted over a digital network into packets. Packets travel over different routes to their destination.
What does a subnet mask determine in networking?
A subnet mask determines which part of the IP address is used for the network and which part is used for the host/device. A common subnet is 255.255.255.0 (11111111.11111111.11111111.00000000).
How do the bits in a subnet mask provide information about networks and IP addresses?
The amount of 1’s gives an indication of the amount of networks we have, the amount of 0’s gives an indication of the amount of IP addresses we have.
How are subnet masks represented in networking?
Subnet masks are 32 bits long, represented in four octets separated by periods.
How is IP structure defined by subnet masks in networking?
5 classes of IP addresses (A, B, C, D, and E), Class A reserved for governments, Class B reserved for medium companies, Class C reserved for small companies, Class D reserved for multicasting, Class E reserved for future use.
What are the IP address classes, and their ranges, in networking?
Class A, 0-127 – for example, 10.50.13.40; Class B, 128-191 – for example, 130.5.4.77; Class C, 192-223 – for example, 192.168.5.10; Class D, 224-239 – for example, 224.0.0.5; Class E, 240-255 – for example, 241.0.0.1.
What is Classless Inter-Domain Routing (CIDR) in networking?
CIDR is an IP addressing scheme that allows us to customize the allocation of IP addresses. It was designed to extend the life of IPv4 by allowing a method to conserve IP addresses.
How can you find your IP address on a computer using the command prompt?
To check the IP address on your computer, open the command prompt by typing CMD from the search box. Then type ipconfig and press enter.
How can you find your IP address on a computer using network settings?
Right-click the network icon in the system tray and click open network and internet settings.
In the middle pane, click properties.
Or click network and sharing center.
Click on the connected network.
Click details.
How can you find your IP address on a computer using different methods?
Search CMD and press enter.
Or click on the Command Prompt icon.
Type ipconfig and press enter (this will give you the basic IP information).
Or type ipconfig /all and press enter (this will give you more detailed IP information).
What is the purpose of a Default Gateway in the context of an IP (Internet Protocol) Address?
The Default Gateway is the IP address used to send information out of your local network to the next available connected network. Typically, this is a router interface, which at home could be your wireless router or modem. The Default Gateway facilitates your connection to the Internet, and without it, you won’t be able to access networks beyond your local one.
What are the services provided by IP (Internet Protocol)?
Addressing, Fragmentation.
What are the types of IP addresses?
The types of IP addresses are: Static address, Dynamic address.
What is a static IP address?
A static IP address is manually input by a network administrator. It is manageable for small networks but requires careful checks to avoid duplication.
How do you manually configure an IP address?
Right click the network icon in the system tray and click open network and internet settings. In the middle pane, click network and sharing center. In the left pane, click change adapter settings. Right click on the network adapter that you want to configure its IP address. Click properties. Click Internet Protocol Version 4 (TCP/IPv4). Click properties. Follow on screen.
What are examples of dynamic IP address assignment protocols?
Examples include BOOTP and DHCP. Assigned by the server when the host boots, dynamic IP addresses are derived automatically from a range of addresses. The duration of the lease is negotiated, after which the address is released back to the server.
What is DHCP?
DHCP, or Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol, is a service that assigns IP addresses to network-enabled devices, enabling them to communicate on the network. Instead of manually inputting IP addresses, subnet masks, default gateways, and DNS server information for each device, DHCP can perform this task automatically once the device is set up on the DHCP server.
What is a DHCP server?
In order for DHCP to work, you need a device acting as a DHCP server. This device can be a computer, router, or another type of network device. The client must be DHCP enabled. Additionally, you can reserve an IP address for a specific computer, and exclude a range of IP addresses so they will not be given to DHCP clients.
What are some additional networking terms?
Virtual Local Area Network (VLAN), Inter VLAN Routing (IVR), VLAN Trunking Protocol (VTP), Media Access Control (MAC), Hardware Address, Burned-In Address (BIA), Physical Address.
What is a MAC address?
A MAC address, also known as a Media Access Control (MAC) address, is a unique identifier for network hardware. It is often referred to as a hardware or physical address. The MAC address is burned-in, meaning it is unchangeable and is represented as a hexadecimal number.
How are MAC addresses used in Ethernet networks?
MAC addresses are used by Ethernet networks to send data from device to device, ensuring that the data reaches the correct device on the network. To find the MAC address of your computer, open the command prompt by typing CMD in the search box, then type ipconfig /all and press enter.
What do the acronyms TCP and IP stand for in the TCP/IP protocol?
TCP stands for Transmission Control Protocol, and IP stands for Internet Protocol.
What is the function of ARP in the TCP/IP protocol?
ARP (Address Resolution Protocol) is used to map an IP address to a MAC address.
What is the function of DNS in the TCP/IP protocol?
DNS (Domain Naming Service) is used to translate hostnames into IP addresses.
What is the function of FTP in the TCP/IP protocol?
FTP (File Transfer Protocol) is used to transfer files from one computer to another over the network or over the Internet.
What is the function of TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) in the TCP/IP protocol?
TCP is used to provide reliable delivery of data between hosts on a TCP/IP network. It establishes a connection between devices before sending data, making it connection-oriented. If any data is lost, it is resent to ensure successful delivery.
What is the function of UDP (User Datagram Protocol) in the TCP/IP protocol?
UDP is similar to TCP but doesn’t use the same error-checking procedure. It enables faster packet delivery but does not guarantee successful delivery.
What is the function of DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol) in the TCP/IP protocol?
DHCP is used to assign various network parameters to a computer or other network device. These parameters include the IP address, gateway, and DNS server.
What is a port in networking?
A port is a 16-bit number used to identify services and applications. Ports are associated with IP addresses, ensuring that when a connection is made, the computer uses both the IP address and port number to direct the request to the correct destination and access the intended application or service.
What are some commonly used ports and their associated services?
DNS (Domain Name Service) - TCP/UDP port 53, SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol) - TCP port 23, FTP (File Transfer Protocol) - TCP ports 20, 21, DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol) - UDP ports 67, 68, HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol) - TCP port 80
What are the ports associated with these network services?
HTTPS (Secure Hypertext Transfer Protocol) - TCP port 443, NTP (Network Time Protocol) - UDP port 123, POP (Post Office Protocol) - TCP port 110, IMAP (Internet Message Access Protocol) - TCP port 143, SNMP (Simple Network Management Protocol) - TCP/UDP ports 161, 162
