2.1.2 Biological Molecules Flashcards
What elements are proteins made of?
Carbon
Hydrogen
Oxygen
Nitrogen
What is the building block of proteins?
Long chains of amino acids
What are the properties of a protein determined by?
Amino acid sequence
How many naturally occurring amino acids are there?
20
What does cysteine contain?
Sulphur
What does glycine contain?
Hydrogen
What does alanine contain?
CH3 - methane
What kind of bond joins amino acids?
Peptide bond
What kind of reaction creates a peptide bond?
Condensation - produces water
What kind of reaction breaks a peptide bond?
Hydrolysis reaction - addition of water
What human process uses hydrolysis of polypeptide bonds?
Digestion in stomach and small intestine
What are the 4 structures of proteins?
Primary
Secondary
Tertiary
Quaternary
What is the primary protein structure?
The sequence of a chain of amino acids
What is the secondary protein structure?
hydrogen bonding of the peptide backbone causes the amino acids to fold into a repeating pattern
What are the two types of secondary protein structure?
pleated sheet
alpha helix
What is the tertiary protein structure?
three-dimensional folding pattern of a protein due to side chain interactions
What bonds are present to maintain the tertiary structure?
disulphide
covalent
ionic
hydrogen
What is the quaternary protein structure?
protein consisting of more than one amino acid chain
Where will bonds be to maintain the quaternary structure?
Between R groups
What do the R groups of amino acids determine?
which bonds will be formed between different amino acids
What do ionic bonds form between?
positively and negatively charged groups
What do disulphide bonds form between?
Two cysteine amino acids
What type of bond is a disulphide bond?
covalent, share of electrons
cannot be broken by an increase in temperature or change in pH
What type of amino acids repel water?
hydrophobic
