2.1.2 Biological Molecules Flashcards
nutrients ingested are broken down by …
digestion
what are catabolic reactions
breaking down monomers so you can absorb them
(energy is released)
what are anabolic reactions
- building up molecules
> products of digestion are absorbed into the blood stream and used to build larger molecules
(energy is used)
what are metabolic reactions
balance between your catabolic and anabolic reactions
define metabolism
the sum total of all the chemical reactions that take place in the organism (releases heat)
define excretion
the removal of metabolic waste materials (sweat, urea, CO2)
name all the required ‘nutrients’ + their roles in the human body
- Carbohydrates
- Proteins
- Lipids
- Vitamins and Minerals
- Nucleic Acids
- Water
what is the role of carbohydrates in the body
- insulin
- keeps you full / primary source of energy
- glucose = quick release
- glycogen = long term storage
- structure in some organisms
what is the role of proteins in the body
- cell growth
- enzymes
- muscles (movement)
- membranes
- antibodies
- most hormones made
what is the role of lipids in the body
- protect your cells
- insulation (thermal + electrical - myelin sheath)
- energy
- some hormones
- protective layer
what is the role of vitamins and minerals in the body
- iron - haemoglobin
- take part in metabolic reactions
- form parts of larger molecules
what is the function of water in the body
- keeps cells hydrated
- important for cooling + excretion
- blood + body + brain is mostly water
- solvent for most metabolic reactions
how many bonds do each of the following make:
C
N
O
H
C = 4
N = 3
O = 2
H = 1
what molecules are carbohydrates made up of
C, H, O
what molecules are lipids made up of
C, H, O (P)
what molecules are proteins made up of
C, H, O, N (S)
what molecules are nucleic acids made up of
C, H, O, N, P
