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RHS 2111/2112-Adrian > 2111 Exam Questions > Flashcards

2111 Exam Questions Flashcards

1
Q

State two benefits of selecting F1 hybrid plants for summer bedding display.

A

Hybrid vigour
Uniformity of flower size/color/form
Disease resistant
Consistent germination

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2
Q

Name tree examples of F1 hybrid plants

A

Helianthus annuus “Claret” F1
Calendular officinalis “French Vanilla” F1
Daucus Carota “Flyaway”
Gazania “Dat Break series” F1

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3
Q

Describe five types of preparation for summer bedding display.

A

1: Removal of any weeds.
2: Incorporation of organic material eg: Well rotted manure.
3: Single or double dig.
4: Consolidate the soil
5: Incorporation of any fertilizer eg: Osmacote
6: Create a suitable soil tilth for planting.

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4
Q

Name four distinct bulbs for growing in containers

A

1: Narcissus Tete a Tete
2: Fritallaria imperialis
3: Tulipa “Ballerina”
4: Muscari latifolium
5: Iris reticulata
6: Allium hollandicum “Purple Sensation”
7: Hyacinthus orientalis

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5
Q

State four maintenance tasks carried out when growing bulbs in containers.

A

1: Water containers when dry with watering can.
2: Keep weed free by removing and weed as they appear.
3: Feed with a liquid feed or apply slow release granular fertiliser.
4: Lift bulbs and store in a cool frost free place at the end of their growing season.
5: Regularly dead head any spent flowers.

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6
Q

Name two diseases of bulbs

A

1: Grey mould
2: Powdery mildew
3: Bulb rot
4: Rust

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7
Q

Name four distinct trees suitable for a small garden

A

1: Cercis canadensis “Eternal Flame”
2: Acer griseum
3: Prunus Serrula
4: Luma apiculata
5: Malus “Golden Hornet”
6: Heptacodium miconioides
7: Arbutus unedo

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8
Q

State four maintenance tasks carried out to ensure establishment of a newly planted tree.

A

1: Removal of any weeds around the base of the tree as they appear.
2: Watering the tree via a soaking or water tube during dry spells.
3: Carry out formative pruning and removing the 3 D’s
4: Loosening of the tree tie as it grows.
5: Replenish and mulch around its base.

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9
Q

State two symptoms of honey fungus

A

1: Black boot lace like structures in the ground, can extend up to 10m.
2: Clusters of honey colored fungus at the base of the tree.

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10
Q

State what is meant by each of the following terms:

1: Garden survey
2: Site appraisal

A

1: Survey is an assessment of location, position, aspect and measurement, which could have an impact on design and use.
2: Site appraisal is assessment and record of general conditions to include, physical and environmental characteristics the could affect design ie soil conditions, drainage,aspect, microclimates, and surroundings including views.

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11
Q

Describe four distinct deciduous trees suitable for a domestic garden for: Spring, Summer, Autumn, Winter

A

Spring - Crataegus monogyna
Summer - Prunus serrula
Autumn - Cercis canadensis “Eternal Flame”
Winter - Acer griseum

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12
Q

Name six distinct hardy annuals

A 
Helieanthus annuus
Calendula officinals
Nigela damascena
Dianthus barbarism
Centaurea cyanus
Amni majus
Amaranthus caudatus
Gypsophila elegans
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13
Q

Describe the symptoms of the following diseases on herbaceous perennials.

1: Powdery mildew
2: Grey mould

A

1: White dusty patches spreading of fungus on upper and leaves/stems…distorted and stunted growth.
2: Fuzzy grey growth mould, affects plant tissues. Slimy rot and death.

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14
Q

Name four distinct climbers and four distinct wall shrubs.

A

Climber: Hedera helix, Cobea scandens, Clematis montana, Ipomoea lobata.

Wall shrub: Garrya eliptica, Euonymus fortunei “silver Queen”, Cotoneaster horizontalis, Daphne bholua.

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15
Q

State what is meant by each of the following.

1: Marginal plants
2: Bog plants

A

1: Marginal plants can grow in shallow water with water over crown. Marginal plants are submerged at the root level but foliage is above the water level.
2: Bog plants are planted in situ and require constant moist/wet soil, they can also grow in water logged soil for a short time.

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16
Q

Name two marginal and two bog plants.

A

Bog: Euphorbia pulastris, Gunnera manicata

Marginal: Nymphaea “Aurora”, Iris pseudacorus, Ranunculus flammula,

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17
Q

State two characteristics of growing media suitable for growing of marginal plants.

A

1: Media needs to heavy loam based, low in nitrogen to avoid algal blooms.
2: Needs to be free from pests,disease, weeds and pesticides and fertiliser.

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18
Q

Name two deep water aquatic plants

A

Nymphaea alba

Typhoon augustifolia

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19
Q

Name two aquatic floating plants

A

Pistia stratiotes
Stratiotes aloides
Hydrochris morsus-rannae

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20
Q

Name two plants for a bog garden

A

Gunnera manicata

Hosts “Big Daddy”

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21
Q

Name two aquatic marginal plants

A

Ranunculas flammula

Typha agustifolia

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22
Q

Name five Spring interest Alpine/Rock garden plants

A 
Euphorbia rigida
Fritillaria imperialis
Sempervivum montanum 
Cyclmen coum
Sedum acre “Golden Queen”
Pulsatilla vulgaris
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23
Q

Name five Spring interest Alpine/Rock garden plants

A 
Sempervivum montanum 
Puya alpestris 
Erinus alpinus
Thymus “Silver Queen”
Iris attica
Camassia leichtlinii
24
Q

Name four distinct matainence tasks for an Alpine garden/Trough.

A

Weeding, Mulching, removal of dead material, winter protection (Alpine green house or open ended Cloche).

25
Q

State three reasons for pruning.

A

1: Maintenance pruning, to maintain the health of the plant - 3x D’s
2: Formative pruning, control the shape or habit of the plant.
3: Renovative pruning, to reset the plant after neglect or damage eg: Taxas baccata

(To encourage higher flower and fruit crop.)

26
Q

State two benefits of selecting F1 hybrids for a summer bedding display.

A

Better uniformity of flowers.
Better hybrid vigour growth.
Better resistance to pests and deseases.
Consistency of germination.

27
Q

State two symptoms and two controls for Powdery mildew in bedding plants.

A

Symptoms:
Fungal powdery white/grey coating covering the upper leaves, flowers and reaching to the stems.
Stunted vigour and distorted leaf growth.

Control:
Removal of infected parts of the plant as soon as visible to prevent spread.

Use of an appropriate fungicide.

28
Q

State the symptoms caused by Grey mould and two possible controls.

A

Symptoms:
Fungal disease showing as fluffy grey spores on all plant tissues. Develops rapidly into a slimy rot.

Control:
Improved and adequate air flow.
Watering at the roots of the plant opposed to overhead irrigation.

29
Q

Name three distinct named shrubs for different seasons of interest, and method of pruning.

A

Winter: Cornus alba; Is grown of its colour stems in winter and is stooled pruned in March to April.

Summer: Budleja davidii; Is grown for summer flowering and is Stagshorn pruned in February to March, cutting back to within 5cm of old growth.

Spring: Forsythia x intermedia; Is grown for spring flowering and is pruned directly after flowering in April to May, remove some branches back to the base and some 1/3 reducing others to maintain pleasing shape.

30
Q

List six characteristics of a suitable growing medium for alpine or rock garden plants in containers.

A

Low nutrient, free draining, moisture retentive, well aerated, suitable ph for plants, free from pests and disease.

31
Q

Name four distinct alpine or rock garden plants.

A 
Fritillaria imperialis
Euphorbia rigida
Aster alpinus 
Sedum acre “Golden Queen”
Erinus alpinus
Cyclmen coum 
Dianthus alpinus
32
Q

Describe two methods of controlling blanket weed in a pond.

A

Hand removal by twirling the weed around a cane or the handle of a rake, leaving it at the side of the pond of a few hours to allow beneficial creatures to return to the pond.

Floating barley straw in a mesh bag, adding it in spring and removing it once it goes black.

33
Q

State an ideal month or months to carry out each of the following tasks annual maintenance of a HQ lawn.

Scarifying:
Applying a high nitrogen fertiliser:
Applying a balanced fertiliser:
Mowing:
Aerating:
Top dressing:
Weed control:
Mole control:
Control of Fusarium patch:
Control of pests eg Leatherjackets
A 
Scarifying: March - April & Sept to Oct.
Applying high nitrogen: March - August
Applying a balanced feed: Sept - Oct
Mowing: March - Sept
Aerating: April - June & Sept - Oct
Top dressing: March - April & Sept - Oct
Weed control: March - April & Sep - Oct
Mole control: Feb - June.
Control Fusarium patch: Sept - Nov.
Control of pests: July - Sept.
34
Q

Describe the term “infill” for a traditional spring display, and name two distinct plant suitable.

A

Infill are the mass planting of a low to medium height that make up most of the bed.

Primula vulgaris, Bellis perennis, Primula polyantha.

35
Q

Name three plants suitable for winter and summer hanging baskets:

A 
Summer:
Begonia “Non Stop”
Hedra helix “Gold Child”
Petunia “Easy wave series”
Impatiens walleriana 
Winter:
Hedra helix “Glacier”
Viola x wittrockiana
Erica camea 
Narcissus “Tête-à-tête”
36
Q

State two situations where bulbs and corms can be naturalised, giving two name examples

A

Woodland - Fritallaria meleagris

Rock Garden - Cyclamen coum

Lawn - Narcissus pseudonarcissus

37
Q

Name five rose bushes to include HT and F

A 
Rosa “Iceberg” (F)
Rosa “Sweet Dreams” (F)
Rosa “English Miss” (F)
Rosa “Tequila Sunrise” (HT)
Rosa “Savoy Hotel” (HT)
38
Q

Name four evergreen plants suitable for hedging.

A 
Buxus sempervirens
Taxus baccata
Griselinia littoralis 
Ilex aquaifolium
Viburnum tinus
Cotoneaster franchetii
Euonymus fortunei 
Aucuba japonica 
Skimmia japonica
39
Q

Name four deciduous plants suitable for hedging.

A

Cratagus monogyna
Fagus sylvatica
Carpinus betulus
Prunus spinosa

40
Q

State TWO materials used in a ganging basket under the following headings.
Liners and Compost/additives

A

Sphagnum moss
Coir matting
Moulded cardboard

John Inns No2 compost
Slow release fertiliser ie Osmacote plugs.
Reservoir to hold water eg plastic saucer.

41
Q

State what is meant by each of the following terms:

1) garden survey
2) site appraisal

A

1) A garden survey is an assessment and record of location, positions and measurements of features which could have an impact on the garden design. Inc existing plants, trees, building, boundaries, drain covers etc Can also include a health and safety issues.
2) A site appraisal assesses and records the general conditions of the site. The physical enviroment characteristics ie: Soil conditions, drainage, aspect, microclimates, and the surrounding views good or bad.

42
Q

Describe THREE factors that should be recorded during a site appraisal which should be considered when siting a patio.

A

1) Exposure, areas prone to high winds would have the effect of sitting in a wind tunnel and are not desirable for entertaining outdoors.
2) Aspect, when do you want to use the patio? If in the evening then consider where the late afternoon and early evening sun hits to site the patio.
3) Typography, a patio needs to be flat so siting a patio on a slope would require a lot of ground works and terracing to give a flat surface, increasing costs.
4) Poor drainage or boggy land would increase the constant flooding risk and render the patio un-usable.

43
Q

Name the planning principles (7x)

A 
Unity/cohesion
Scale/proportion
Movement/direction
Rhythm
Repetition
Simplicity
Balance
44
Q

Name 5 Hard landscape features of an English landscape garden.

A

Chinese bridge,Roman temple,Serpentine lake,Ha-Ha ditch,Folly,Pagoda,Hermitage

45
Q

Name five features of a cottage garden.

A

Serpentine paths,picket fence,natural stream or pond,native hedging ie: Crataegus monogyna, natural stone paths,reclaimed materials,plants spilling over paths,Willow or Hazel bean poles and plant supports.

46
Q

Name five features of a knot garden.

A

1) Clipped shrubs to create detailed symmetrical shaped based of knotted rope ie Buxus sempervirens.
2) spaces in knotted shrub design infilled with gravel or aromatic herbs eg Salvia rosmarinus
3) The garden design is as a whole is symmetrical across a central point or diagonal access.
4) May have a stone central water fountain in the design.
5) Tightly clipped boundary hedges ie Taxas bacatta.

47
Q

Name FIVE alpine/rock garden plants for spring interest.

A 
Sedum acre “Golden Queen”
Sempervivum montanum 
Cyclmen coum
Pulsatilla vulgaris
Crocus banaticus
Euphobia rigida
48
Q

Name FIVE alpine/rock garden plants for summer interest

A 
Hypericum olympicum
Aster alpinus 
Dianthus alpinus 
Puya alpestris 
Erinus alpinus
Thymus “Silver Queen”
49
Q

What are the values of rock/alpine gardens?

A

Alpines are slow growing and drought tolerant so low maintenance.
Gives a display choice of more unusual plants.
Good for container growing.
Minimalist look.

50
Q

Name TWO plants for a bog garden.

A

Gunnera manicata

Hosta “Big Daddy”

51
Q

Name TWO plants for a marginal water planting.

A

Typha augustifolia

Ranunculas flammula

52
Q

Name TWO deep water plants.

A

Nymphaea alba

Typhoon augustifolia

53
Q

Name TWO floating plants suitable for a pond.

A

Trapa natans

Stratiotes aloides

54
Q

Name FOUR micro climates in a garden.

A

Walls retain heat from the sun during the day.
Building create a rain shadow.
Shade from trees creates cooler temps and dry soil.
Wind tunnel, dense hedging can create a windbreak.
Sunken or dip can create a frost pocket.

55
Q

What is meant by a true alpine?

A

A plant that lives above the tree line but below the snow line on a mountain 1830m. They are low growing and compact, require low nutrient quick draining soils.

56
Q

Name TWO distinct ameliorants

A

Grits - work in to improve the structure of a heavy soil eg: Clay to make it more free draining.

Lime - to raise the ph of soil for planting of brassicas.

Mycorrhizal fungi powder.

Fertaliser - blood,fish and bone.

57
Q

Describe TWO methods of sowing hardy annuals.

A

BROADCAST seeds evenly over a soil with a good tilth and then lightly rake it over, water with a watering can rose of fine spray from hosepipe.

DRILL sow by drawing a straight drill 1-2cm deep and sow sparing but even along it length, then cover the drill by drawing soil back over. Tamp it down and water as per broadcast method.

RHS 2111/2112-Adrian (16 decks)

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