2.1.1 prokaryotic cell

Question 1

describe structure + function of DNA

Answer 1

single coil of 1 DNA mol; no histones (proteins)
genes grouped into operons; many turned on/off at once
plasmid = circular DNA piece; separate from main; can be passed between cells

Question 2

describe structure + function of ribosomes

Answer 2

smaller ones 70S
required for protein synthesis
smaller = synthesise less complex proteins

Question 3

describe structure + function of prokaryotic cell wall

Answer 3

made of peptidoglycan = murein; amino acids and sugars
gives protection against mechanical damage from osmosis

Question 4

describe structure + function of cell membrane

Answer 4

partially permeable
control entry + exit of mols

Question 5

describe structure + function of capsule

Answer 5

protective slimy layer
protects cell from immune system attack = covers antigens
helps retain moisture
helps cell adhere to surfaces + group together

Question 6

describe structure + function of flagellum

Answer 6

tail like structure
allows cell to move
= attached to cell mem. by basal body
= rotated by molecular motor
energy supplied by chemiosmosis (not ATP)
DOES NOT HAVE 9+2 ARRANGEMENT

Question 7

describe structure + function of pili

Answer 7

hair like structures
attach to other bacterial cells
involved in sticking to surfaces