2.1.1 Problem-solving and design

Question 1

Why do programmers use algorithms?

Answer 1

Plan and check a program makes sense Choose the right way to solve a problem Describe your solution to people easily Keep a record of your solution

Question 2

What is an example of an algorithm?

Answer 2

A recipe

Question 3

What is a sequence, or a sequence of instructions?

Answer 3

A series of logical steps carried out in order

Question 4

What is stepwise refinement?

Answer 4

Breaking an algorithm down into smaller pieces

Question 5

What does this programming flowchart symbol mean?

Answer 5

Decision

A question is made and has to be answered YES/NO, TRUE/FALSE

Question 6

What does this programming flowchart symbol mean?

Answer 6

Start/ End

Shows the beginning and the end of the program

Question 7

What does this programming flowchart symbol mean?

Answer 7

Input/Output

Input - the user has to input something (e.g. enter data)

Output - the computer has to output something (e.g. a display)

Question 8

What does this programming flowchart symbol mean?

Answer 8

Process

An instruction that’s carried out by the program

Question 9

What does this programming flowchart symbol mean?

Answer 9

Shows the direction of the program

Question 10

Name 3 advantages of stepwise refinement

Answer 10

Instructions are more detailed

Easier for the user to follow

Less chance of errors

Question 11

What is a conditional statement (or selection)?

Answer 11

A program can produce different outputs depending on the results of a logical test.

Question 12

What is a logical test?

Answer 12

A test that gives an answer of either TRUE or FALSE

Question 13

What is an algorithm?

Answer 13

An algorithm is a set of steps to solve a problem

Question 14

What is pseudocode?

Answer 14

A written form of programming describing steps of an algorithm (for humans)