2.1.1. (j) the importance of the cytoskeleton

Question 1

Outline the importance of the cytoskeleton.

Answer 1

◦ Provision of mechanical strength to cells.
◦ Aids transport within cells.
◦ Enables cell movement.

Question 2

Explain how the cytoskeleton provides strength and support to the cell.

Answer 2

Strengthening and support
◦ The cytoskeleton provides the cell with mechanical strength, forming a kind of ‘scaffolding’ that helps to maintain the shape of the cell.
◦ It supports the organelles, keeping them in position.

Question 3

Explain how the cytoskeleton aids intracellular movement.

Answer 3

◦ Forms ‘tracks’ along which organelles can move.

Question 4

Explain how the cytoskeleton enables cell movement.

Answer 4

◦ The cytoskeleton enables cell movement via the cilia and flagella.
◦ These structures are both hair-like extensions that protrude from the cell surface and contain microtubules that are responsible for moving them.

Question 5

Describe the structure of the cytoskeleton and briefly outline the function of its components.

Answer 5

◦ Composed of two main protein fibres.

Microfilaments
◦ Solid strands that are mostly made of the protein actin.
◦ Can cause some cell movement and the movement of organelles within cells by moving against each other.

Microtubules
◦ Tubular (hollow) strands mostly made of the protein tubulin.
◦ Organelles and other cellular components are moved along these fibres; ATP used to drive movement.

Question 6

Define cytoskeleton.

Answer 6

Extensive network of protein fibres.