2.1.1 Cell Structure - Ultrastructure: Eukaryotic Cells

Question 1

Ultrastructure

Answer 1

the detailed structure

of the internal components

of cells as revealed by

the electron microscope

Question 2

Eukaryotes

Answer 2

membrane bound nucleus

Question 3

Organelle

Answer 3

a structure

in a cell

that has a

specialised function

Question 4

Division of Labour

Answer 4

different organelles

have

different functions

Question 5

Interrelationship

Answer 5

organelles work together

to complete a particular task

Question 6

11 structures of a animal cell

Answer 6

Golgi Apparatus

Cell SURFACE Membrane

Lysosomes

SER

RER

Mitochondria

Nucleolus

Nucleus

Microvilli

Ribosomes

Centrioles (ONLY found in animal cells)

Question 7

12 structures of a plant cell

Answer 7

SER

Vesicles

PERMANENT Vacuole

Nucleus

Nucleolus

Golgi Apparatus

Mitochondria

Chloroplasts

Cell SURFACE Membrane

CELLULOSE Cell Wall

RER

Ribosomes

Question 8

SER (Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum)

Answer 8

makes lipids

• single membrane
• cells which make steroid hormones (eg testosterone in testes of animals) have lots of SER

Question 9

Ribosome

Answer 9

makes proteins (from amino acids)

• no membrane
• found on RER
• or in cytoplasm

Question 10

RER (Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum)

Answer 10

transports proteins

made by the ribosomes attached

Question 11

Golgi Apparatus

Answer 11

modifies and packages proteins

makes secretary vesicles and lysosomes

• single membrane
• a stack of flattened sacks
• secretary cells contain an extensive amount of Golgi Apparatus

Question 12

Lysosomes

Answer 12

contains enzymes for destroying worn out organelles and food particles

• single membrane
• which helps contain enzymes
• if not contained these enzymes would digest the whole cell

(tadpoles tails are digested and absorbed when lysosomes in the tail burst)

Question 13

Nucleus

Answer 13

controls activities of the cell

stores and protects DNA

• double membrane
• called a NUCLEAR ENVELOPE
• which has pores (holes) in it

Question 14

Nucleolus (darker bit in the nucleus)

Answer 14

makes ribosomes and RNA

• no membrane
• a dark stained area in the nucleus

Question 15

Mitochondrion

Answer 15

aerobic respiration

makes ATP (energy)

• double membrane
• inner membrane is highly folded

(folds are called CRISTAE)

• active cells contain a lot of mitochondrion
• as they need a lot of ATP

Question 16

Chloroplast

Answer 16

photosynthesis

• double membrane
• contains inner membranes

(inner membranes called THYLAKOIDS)

• which are rich in chlorophyll
• the pigment absorbs light

Question 17

Centriole

Answer 17

forms spindle fibres during cell division

(SPINDLES are micro-tubules which help to move chromosomes around the cell)

• no membrane
• made up of 27 microtubules (9 triplets)
• animal cells contain 2
• which lie at right angles to each other