2.1.1 cell structure Flashcards
why does a specimen need to be thin in light microscopes?
To let light pass through
Why do we use staining?
make specimen visible to see certain (NAMES) organelles;improve the contrast
What does acetic orcein stain? What colour?
DNA- dark red
What does eosin stain? What colour?
Cytoplasm-pink
have a snack 😋 🤗
What does sudan black stain? What colour?
membranes and other lipids black
What do we use light microscopes to observe?
Whole cells and tissues
What do we use TEM’s to look at?
Organelle details
What do we use SEM’s to look at?
cell surface
What is different about the electrons in both types of microscopes?
Absorbed in a TEM, Bounced off the surface of a SEM
Maximum magnification and resolution of a light microscope
Magnification: x1500
Resolution: 200nm
Maximum magnification and resolution of a SEM
Magnification: x100,000
Resolution: 0.2nm
Maximum magnification and resolution of a TEM
Magnification:x500,000
Resolution: 1nm
What happens in the SER?
Lipid and hormone production occurs here
What does the golgi apparatus do?
modifies and packages proteins into vesicles
What happens in the mitochondria?
ATP is made here during aerobic respiration
Lysosomes structure and function
spherical sacs surrounded by a membrane, contain powerful digestive enzymes to break down materials
Plasma/cell surface membrane structure and function
made of phospholipid bilayer, controls what goes in and out of the cell
Centrioles structure and function
Small tubes of protein fibres, take part in mitosis to form spindle fibres
Cell wall function
Provides high tensile strength, is insoluble and inert
flagella have a….
9+2 arrangement inside
What is a vesicle?
Membrane-bound organelle which is used to transport substances
Roles of the cytoskeleton
-whole cell support
-movement of cilia and flagella
-changing cell shape
movement of organelles and chromosomes
3 main components of the cytoskeleton
microfilaments, microtubules, intermediate filaments
Information of the microfilaments
-6nm
-made of actin
-contract and used in cytokinesis
-changes in cell shape
Information on the microtubules
-25nm
-globular tubulin proteins form tubes
-moves chromosomes in mitosis by forming the spindle
-acts as TRACKS for organelles to move along
-Moves organelles around the cell
Give information on the intermediate filaments
-10nm
-actin and microtubules
-whole cell support
describe the capsule 💊
-made of murien/peptidoglycan
-high tensile strength
What is different about ribosomes in prokaryotic vs eukaryotic cells
smaller in prokaryotes
How is genetic information exchanged within bacteria?
Exchange plasmids
Function of pilli
Pili help bacteria stick to surfaces and move or share genetic material.
