2.1.1 Basic Components of the Living System Flashcards
What are the similarities and differences between eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells?
Prokaryotic:
- simple, smaller cells
- NO membrane bound organelles
- has NO true nucleus
Eukaryotic
- complex, larger cells
- has membrane bound organelles
- has a true nucleus
SIMILARITIES:
- both enclosed by plasma membranes
- both have DNA
- both filled with cytoplasm
Organelles which are found in an animal cell:
What type of cell is an animal cell?
- nucleus
- plasma membrane
- ribosomes
- cytoplasm
- mitochondria
EUKARYOTIC CELL!
Organelles which are found in a plant cell:
What type of cell is a plant cell?
- nucleus
- cell wall
- plasma membrane
- 80s ribosomes
- cytoplasm
- mitochondria
- large permanent vacuole
- chloroplasts
- Golgi apparatus
- RER and SER
EUKARYOTIC CELL!
Structure & Function of Plasma Membrane
Structure
- phospholipid bilayer
- contains proteins
Function
- regulates movement of molecules in and out of the cell
- partially permeable
- barrier between the cell and the external environment
Structure and Function of Cytoplasm
Structure
- jelly like liquid
Function
- the site of many metabolic reactions
- where most organelles are found
Structure and Function of Nucleus
Structure
- surrounded by nuclear envelope (double membrane) which has nuclear pores
- contains the nucleolus
Function
- nuclear envelopes separates the nucleus and the cytoplasm and controls movement of molecules in & out the cell
- contains genetic information
- nucleolus synthesises ribosomes
Structure and Function of Mitochondria
Structure
- sausage shaped
- surrounded by a double membrane envelope
- inner membrane is folded into cristae
- matrix has mitochondrial DNA
Function
- produces ATP to carry out aerobic respiration to supply the cell with energy
Two Types of Vesicles and their Functions
TRANSPORT VESICLES
- vesicles containing molecules for transport around the cell
SECRETORY VESICLES
- vesicles containing molecules to the cell surface membrane to be released from the cell
Structure and Function of Lysosomes
Structure
- has hydrolytic/ digestive enzymes
Function
- breaks down waste materials including worn out organelles and pathogens that have invaded the body
Structure and Function of SER and RER
- both have CISTERNAE (flattened membranous sacs)
RER = found close to the nucleus and covered in ribosomes SER = found far away from the nucleus and has nothing attached to its outside
Function of RER –> to synthesis and transport proteins
Function of SER –> synthesise and store lipids & carbs
Structure and Function of Ribosomes
Structure
- NOT membrane bound organelles
- suspended in the cytoplasm
- 2 subunits both made of RNA and proteins
Function
- site of protein synthesis
Structure and Function of Golgi Apparatus
Structure
- have cisternae (flattened membranous sacs)
- curved at the ends & arw surrounded by vesicles
Function
- modifies and packages proteins into secretory vesicles to be secreted from the cell
Structure and Function of Large Permanent Vacuole
Structure
- has tonoplast (membrane surrounding the vacuole)
- contains cell saps
Function
- tonoplast regulates the movement in and out of the vacuole
- works to maintain turgor pressure keeping plants rigid and swollen
Structure and Function of Chloroplasts
Structure
- surrounded by a (double membrane) envelope
- has stroma (fluid that’s in the chloroplast)
Function
- site of photosynthesis
Compare animal and plant cells:
Both animal and plant cells have:
- DNA as genetic material
- ribosomes
- enclosed plasma membrane
- chromosomes
- can sometimes share a vacuole (although it’s mostly common in plant cells to have a large vacuole)
