2.1 Structure and Bonding Flashcards
What is a compound?
Atoms of two or more elements that are chemically bonded
How are atoms bonded together?
Transferring or sharing electrons in the outer shell so that the outer shell is complete in all of the atom’s outer shells
What’s the charge of atoms that lose electrons?
Positive
What’s the charge of atoms that gain electrons?
Negative
What happens in ionic bonding?
Atoms lose or gain electrons to form ions
When does ionic bonding occur?
When there’s an atom with a nearly empty outer shell and an atom with a nearly full outer shell
What structure do ionic compounds have?
- A regular lattice structure
- Ions are closely packed together
- Strong electrostatic forces of attraction between oppositely charged ions
What groups of the periodic table are most likely to form ionic compounds?
1 and 2 with 6 and 7
What happens in covalent bonding?
Atoms share electrons so that they have full outer shells
When does covalent bonding occur?
When both atoms need the same amount of electrons to complete their outer shell
What structure do simple molecular compounds have?
- Very strong covalent bonds
- Small molecules of several atoms
- Low intermolecular forces
Give some examples of simple molecular compounds?
- Chlorine
- Oxygen
- Water
What structure do giant covalent compounds have?
- All the atoms are bonded by strong covalent bonds
What properties do giant covalent compounds have?
- Very high melting and boiling points
- Don’t conduct electricty
Give some examples of giant covalent compounds?
- Diamond
- Graphite
- Silica (sand)
