2.1 Species and Populations

Question 1

Ecology

Answer 1

the study of relationships between living organisms and between organisms and their environment

Question 2

A group of organisms of the same species living in the same area at the same time

Answer 2

Population

Question 3

A community and its abiotic environment

Answer 3

Ecosystem

Question 4

A group of populations living and interacting with each other in an area

Answer 4

Community

Question 5

A group of organisms that can interbreed to produce fertile offspring

Answer 5

Species

Question 6

The environment in which a species normally lives

Answer 6

Habitat

Question 7

The dependence of two or more organisms or things on each other

Answer 7

Interdependence

Question 8

The movement of energy through the trophic levels of an ecosystem

Answer 8

A Food Chain

Question 9

describes the particular set of abiotic and biotic conditions and resources to which an organism or population responds

Answer 9

A Niche

Question 10

describes the full range of conditions and

resources in which a species could survive and reproduce

Answer 10

Fundamental Niche

Question 11

describes the actual conditions and resources in which a species exists due to biotic interactions

Answer 11

Realized Niche

Question 12

when two organisms of different species “work together,” each benefiting from the relationship

Answer 12

Mutualism / mutualistic relationship

Question 13

one in which one organism, the parasite, lives off of another organism, the host, harming it and possibly causing death

Answer 13

Parasitism / parasitic relationship

Question 14

Ways in which living organisms influence other populations within an ecosystem

Answer 14

• predation
• herbivory
• parasites
• diseases

Question 15

The nonliving, physical factors that influence the organisms and ecosystem

Answer 15

• temperature
• sunlight
• pH
• salinity
• precipitation

Question 16

Increases to population size through reproduction (i.e. births)

Answer 16

Natality

Question 17

Increases to population size from external populations

Answer 17

Immigration

Question 18

Decreases to population size as a result of death (e.g. predation, disease)

Answer 18

Mortality

Question 19

Decreases to population size as a result of a loss to external populations

Answer 19

Emigration

Question 20

S-Shaped Population Growth Curves

Answer 20

1. Exponential Phase (rapid increase in population size because of abundant resources and limited environmental resistance
2. Transitional Growth Phase (competition increases as the availability of resources are reduced, birth rate starts to fall and death rate starts to rise
3. Plateau Phase (The population has reached the carrying capacity (K) of the environment)

Question 21

J-Shaped Population Growth Curves

Answer 21

1. Initial increase slow, because the number of organisms that reproduce is small
2. The population then increases sharply because the total number of individuals that can reproduce has increased
3. After attaining the peak value, the population may abruptly crash.

Question 22

Factors Impacting Population (PANDA)

Answer 22

Predation and parasites
Availability of shelter and water
Nutrient supply (source of food)
Disease
Accumulation of waste

Question 23

Factors unrelated to population density (CAN)

Answer 23

Climate
Availability of light, oxygen, and carbon dioxide
Natural disasters