21) Radioactivity Application In Medicine Flashcards
Radioactive decay
The spontaneous change of the atomic nucleus
Radionuclides
Unstable nuclei that experiences radioactive decay
You have natural and artificial
Alpha decay
Parameter changed is mass charge and energy
Emission of alpha particles usually gamma rays
Beta decay negative
Neuton is converted into proton and electron
Parameter changed is charge and energy
Emission of beta particles and gamma rays
Electron capture
The nucleus captures an electron and a proton is converted into a neutron
Parameter changed is charge and energy
Gamma is an emission
Isometric transition
Transition of the excited nucleus to ground state
Energy of the nucleus changes and gamma rays are emitted
Activity of a radioactive source
Radioactive source is any substance that contains radio nucleotides
Decay law
Radioactive source decays exponentially over time
Half life
The time taken for the radioactive nuclei to decay to one half of the previous amount
Effective half life
The time for the nuclei to decrease to half the initial amount
Use of radio nucleotides in medicine
Diagnostics uses markers for diagnostic purposes
Radiation therapy to kill any cancerous cells in the body
Radio pharmaceutical
The accumulation of radio pharmaceuticals in the body can be monitored
Localisation diagnostic
Investigation where the accumulation of radio pharmaceutical takes place in the body and the concentrations
Functional diagnostic
Investigating the accumulation and excretion by a organ or system
Eg
Thyroid gland
Planet nuclear scintigraphy
Detector scans investigated region and records intensity
