2.1 Physiological theories Flashcards
Which theory did Lombroso create?
The born criminals theory. (atavism)
Which theory did Shelton create?
The somatotypes theory.
What are physiological theories?
Theories focusing on a person’s physical form as an indicator of criminality.
What do physiological theories claim?
That the physical features of criminals differ from those of non criminals.
What does Lombroso’s theory argue?
That born criminals could be identified by their distinctive physical features.
What is atavism?
Throwbacks to an earlier, primitive stage of evolution.
What are some atavistic features?
High cheekbones, a large jaw, a low, sloping forehead, and large ears.
What does pre-social mean?
Being unable to control your impulses and having a reduced sensitivity to pain.
How did Lombroso conduct his research?
He spent years recording the faces of prisoners, dead and alive.
What did Lombroso conclude through his research?
Up to 40% of criminal acts could be accounted for by atavistic characteristics.
What does Sheldon’s theory argue?
That certain body types or ‘somatotypes’ are linked to criminal behaviour.
What are endomorph’s body types like?
Rounded, soft bodies, lacking muscle or tone.
What are ectomorph’s bodies like?
Thin, fragile, lacking fat and muscle.
What are mesomorph’s bodies like?
Muscular, hard bodied, very little body fat and strong limbs, broad shoulders and a narrow waist.
What are the personality traits linked with endomorphs?
Social, relaxed, comfortable, outgoing.
