2.1 Monosaccharides & Polysaccharides Flashcards
What is a condensation reaction?
A reaction that occurs when two molecules are joined together with the removal of water.
What is a hydrolysis reaction?
A reaction that occurs when a molecule is split into two smaller molecules with the addition of water.
What is a covalent bond?
The sharing of two or more electrons between two atoms.
Define the term ‘monomer’
A small molecule which binds to many other identical molecules to form a polymer.
Define the term ‘polymer’
A large molecule made from many smaller molecules called monomers.
What is polymerisation?
The process of joining monomers together to make a long chain of monomers called a polymer.
Name the monomer and polymer of these molecules:
- carbohydrates
- proteins
- nucleic acids
Monosaccharides (glucose) - Polysaccharide (starch)
Amino acids - Protein/ Polypeptide
Nucleotides - DNA/ RNA
Which chemical elements are found in:
- carbohydrates
- lipids
- proteins
- nuclei acids
Carbohydrates: C, H, O
Lipids: C, H, O
Proteins: C, H, O, S
Nucleic acids: C, H, O, P
Which three elements do carbohydrates contain?
Carbon
Hydrogen
Oxygen
What are the functions of carbohydrates?
- Source of energy (e.g. glucose)
- Store of energy (e.g. starch and glycogen)
- Structural units (e.g. cellulose in plants/ chitin in insects)
What is the simplest type of carbohydrate?
Monosaccharides
What is the general formula for a monosaccharide?
(CH2O)n
What are some properties of monosaccharides?
- Taste sweet
- Soluble in water
- Insoluble in non-polar solvents
What do you call monosaccharides that have three, four, five or six carbon atoms in them?
- Triose
- Tetrose
- Pentose
- Hexose
Describe the structure of alpha-glucose.
- Hexose sugar
- H above C1
- Molecular structure: C6H12O6
