2.1 Molecules to metabolism

Question 1

Vitalism

Answer 1

Theory that life is more than the chemicals which make up living things

Question 2

Metabolism

Answer 2

All of the enzyme-catalysed chemical reactions in a cell

Question 3

Anabolism

Answer 3

The formation of larger molecules from smaller ones. Including macromolecules from monomers by condensation.

Question 4

Catabolism

Answer 4

The breakdown of complex molecules into simpler ones by hydrolysis.

Question 5

Macromolecule

Answer 5

A very large organic molecule composed of many smaller molecules (monomers)

Question 6

Monomer

Answer 6

A simple compound whose molecules can join together to form polymers (macromolecules)

Question 7

Hydrolysis reaction

Answer 7

A chemical reaction that breaks apart a larger molecule by adding a molecule of water

Question 8

Condensation reaction

Answer 8

A chemical reaction in which two molecules become covalently bonded to each other through the loss of a water molecule.

Question 9

Urea

Answer 9

The toxic nitrogenous end product of protein breakdown (catabolism), excreted in urine.

Question 10

Monosaccharide

Answer 10

A single sugar molecule such as glucose or fructose, the simplest type of sugar.

Question 11

Disaccharide

Answer 11

A sugar made from two monosaccharides linked together (e.g. glucose + fructose -> sucrose).

Question 12

R-group

Answer 12

The variable radical of amino acids. Shown as R- in diagrams.

Question 13

Amino acid

Answer 13

Molecules which make up proteins; made of a Carbon atoms, Carboxyl Group, Amine Group, Hydrogen, and an R-group

Question 14

Lipids

Answer 14

Fats made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. Oils, waxes, phospholipids, triglycerides and steroids are examples.

Question 15

Polypeptides

Answer 15

A polymer (chain) of many amino acids linked together by peptide bonds.