2.1 Molecules to metabolism Flashcards
What is molecular biology?
A part of biology that is associated with biological activity at a molecular level
What atomic number does carbon have?
6
How many electrons does carbon have in its outer shell?
4 electrons
How many covalent bonds can carbon form?
4
What carbon-based compounds are found in living organisms?
Lipids, carbohydrates, nucleic acids, proteins
What are the 4 types of macromolecules?
Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids
What are carbohydrates composed of?
Carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen
What is the ratio of hydrogen to oxygen in carbs?
2:1
What are the types of lipids?
steroids, waxes, phospholipids, and triglycerides
What are proteins made of?
Amino acids arranged in long chains
What are nucleic acids made of?
Nucleotides arranged in long chains
What are macromolecules made up of?
Monomers
What is the function of Alpha-D-glucose?
Used in the production of ATP in cells
What is the function of Beta-D-glucose?
Used to build cell walls in plants
What is the function of starch?
Used as long term storage in plants
What is the function of ribose?
Used as a component of DNA and RNA
What is the function of triglycerides?
Used as long-term storage in adipose tissue in animal
What is the function of Steroids?
Used as chemical messengers in the body, have a distinctive ring shape
What is the function of phospholipids?
Major component of plasma membranes
What is the function of structural proteins?
Proteins such as keratin and collagen form the structural framework of many parts of the body.
What is the function of enzymes?
Metabolic proteins that speed up chemical reactions in the body
What is the function of polypeptides?
A sequence of amino acids that may make up a protein, or a series of polypeptides can also make up a protein
What is the function of DNA?
Used to store genetic information
What is the function of RNA?
Used to create proteins at ribosomes using the information stored in DNA
