2.1 Iterative design process

Question 1

Iterative design process

Answer 1

Using a cyclic sequence of stages required to refine a design

Research -> ideate -> prototype -> test _^

Question 2

User-centred design

Answer 2

Aims to improve users’ experience of using products

There is an international usability standard, ISO 13407:
* Take full account of users, the task performed and the relevant
environment
* Involves users during design and development
* Refined by user-centred evaluation
* Considers the whole user experience

Question 3

Methods used to achieve UCD standards

Answer 3

Apply ergonomic principles for ease of use and comfort
Use anthropometric data to ensure a good fit
Observe people using products
Organise focus groups to solve problems with existing products
Gain an understanding of how users interact with products
Improve the user experience

Question 4

Designing to meet needs, wants or values

Answer 4

Consider the:
Physical needs - needs of children are very different to the elderly
Emotional needs - understanding what people like, matching their aspirations
Intellectual needs - for example, small children are attracted to bright colours

Question 5

Primary investigate techniques

Answer 5

Market research questionnaires and surveys
Interviewing potential users to investigate their wants or needs
Focus groups
Human factors:
* Empathic research
* the designer experiences users’ limitations, e.g. Lack of mobility
Anthropometric data is obtained
Ergonomics can be improved by getting customers to use the product
Product analysis:
* disassembly of existing products
* practical testing of components

Question 6

Secondary investigative techniques

Answer 6

Using external resources such as research journals, online and books

Could consider:
* Style influences of designers and movements
* Identifications of suitable materials, components, and manufacturing
methods
* Relevant anthropometric data

Question 7

Planning, manufacture and evaluation of a prototype

Answer 7

Creating a step-by-step, detailed plan of prototype manufacture considering:
* Tools
* QA
* QC
Carry out hand, machine or rapid prototyping methods as required
Test and evaluate prototype with involvement of consumers
Carry out iterative improvements to optimise the design