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4C 22.23 > 2.1 Hydrocarbons > Flashcards

2.1 Hydrocarbons Flashcards

1
Q

What is a “hydrocarbon”?

A

A compound containing ONLY H and C atoms

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2
Q

What is a Homologous Series?

A

Molecules with

  • same general formula
  • similar chemical properties
  • gradation in physical properties
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3
Q

What are the names of the alkanes from 1C to 8C atoms in molecules?

A
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4
Q

What is meant by a saturated hydrocarbon?

A

A hydrocarbon where all C-C bonds present are single

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5
Q

What is the 3D shape of methane (CH4) ?

A

Tetrahedral

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6
Q

What is shown by a “Molecular Formula” ?

A

The types of atom and their relative abundance in a molecule. The abundance is shown as subscript

e.g

H2O

C3H8

NH3

CO2

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7
Q

What is shown in a “Full Structural Formula”?

A

All the atoms and all the covalent bonds connecting them in a molecule

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8
Q

What is shown in a shortened structural formula?

A

Each C in the chain is shown with everything bonded to it (not other C atoms in chain) No bonds need to be shown , although C=C bonds are allowed

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9
Q

What is the general formula of the alkanes?

A
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10
Q

What are the 2 main reactions of alkanes?

A
  1. Combustion
  2. Catalytic cracking
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11
Q

Why is catalytic cracking an important reactions for longer chain alkanes?

A
  1. To produce shorter chain, more useful alkanes
  2. To obtain alkenes which are useful reactants to make other products
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12
Q

What are the products of complete alkane combustion?

A

CO2 and H2O

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13
Q

How do we test for the products of combustion of a hydrocarbon?

A
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14
Q

What are possible harmful products of incomplete combustion of hydrocarbons?

A
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15
Q

What is meant by the term “isomers”?

A

Compounds with the same molecular formula but different structural formula.

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16
Q

Why does the boiling point of the alkanes increase as you add C (and H) atoms?

A

The larger molecules have stronger attractions between them that require more energy to be broken

17
Q

What is meant by an unsaturated hydrocarbon?

A

A hydrocarbon with (at least) one C=C bonds present

18
Q

What is a “hydrocarbon”?

A

A compound containing only C and H atoms

19
Q

What is a Homologous Series?

A

Molecules with

  • same general formula
  • similar chemical properties
  • gradation in physical properties
20
Q

What is the general formula of the alkenes?

A

Cn H2n

21
Q

What are isomers?

A

Compounds with the same molecular formula but different structural formulae

22
Q

How are alkenes produced?

A

Catalytic cracking of longer chain alkanes

24
Q

What is meant by a “functional group”?

A

The part of a molecule that is responsible for the chemical (and sometimes physical) properties of the compound.

25
Q

What is the functional group of the alkene family?

A

C=C bond

26
Q

What reactions do alkenes undergo?

A

Addition reactions

27
Q

What specific name to we give to to the addition a halogen to an alkene?

A

Halogenation

28
Q

What specific name to we give to to the addition of hydrogen to an alkene?

A

Hydrogenation

29
Q

What is produced when an alkene undergoes a hydrogenation reaction?

A

An alkane

30
Q

What is produced when an alkene undergoes a hydration reaction?

A

An alcohol

31
Q

What is the chemical test for presence of unsaturation (C=C bond)

A

Rapidly decolourises bromine solution.

32
Q

What specific name to we give to to the addition of water to an alkene?

A

Hydration

33
Q

What is the general formula for the cycloalkanes?

A

Cn H2n

34
Q

Are cycloalkanes saturated or unsaturated?

A

They are saturated molecules.

35
Q

What are some uses of cycloalkanes?

A
  • Fuels
  • solvents

4C 22.23 (5 decks)

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