2.1 Guided Notes Flashcards
Elements are pure substances….
….that cannot be broken down chemically into simpler kinds of matter.
Each element is only made up of….
1 type of atom.
An atom is the simplest particle of an element that refrains…
…all the properties of that element.
Protons have _______ and are __________.
Mass, positive
Electrons are ___________ and have no ___________.
Negative, Mass.
Neutrons are _________ and have __________.
Neutral, mass.
Protons and neutrons make up what?
The Nucleus.
A chemical bond is an interaction between….
….two atoms, which holds them together/connects them.
A chemical reaction makes and breaks what?
Bonds.
Bonds that are broken release energy, while making a bond….
….stores energy.
The four organic compounds necessary for life are:
- Carbohydrates
- Lipids
- Proteins
- Nucleic Acids
Organic compounds contain ___________.
Carbon.
The functions of carbohydrates (Carbs) are…
…short/medium term energy storage.
Carbohydrates (carbs) are made of small repeating units, ___________, and _____________.
Sugars, starches.
Carbohydrates only consist of C_______, H_________, and O__________.
Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen.
Monosaccharides are _________ sugars.
Simple
Many monosaccharides in a chain are called __________.
Polysaccharides.
Polysaccharides have two functions:
Energy storage and structural support (in plants).
A lipids function is….
….long(er) term energy storage.
The two types of lipids are:
Saturated fats and Unsaturated fats.
Saturated fats are saturated with ____________, are formed in ____________ chains, and mostly come from animal sources. They also are more likely to lead to ____________.
hydrogen, straight, heart disease.
Unsaturated fats aren’t bonded to as many hydrogen, due to a ________ bond. This results in a ________ shape. They aren’t able too pack as tightly, and mostly come from _________ and fish.
double, kinked, plants.
Protein functions include
speeding up chemical reactions, building up muscles, and helping keep cell shape.
Proteins are made of (20 different) __________.
amino acids.
Protein is usually found in…
…dairy, beans, meat, and nuts.
We need to consume protein so….
….our body can break it down into amino acids and make our own protein.
Good fats include nuts, ______________, and avocados.
peanut butter
Bad fats include pizza, __________, and __________.
chips, butter.
An atom is the simplest particle of an element that refrains…
…all the properties of that element.
Protons have _______ and are __________.
Mass, positive
Electrons are ___________ and have no ___________.
Negative, Mass.
Neutrons are _________ and have __________.
Neutral, mass.
Protons and neutrons make up what?
The Nucleus.
Elements are always made of the same…
…elements in the same ratio.
A chemical bond is an interaction between….
….two atoms, which holds them together/connects them.
A chemical reaction makes and breaks what?
Bonds.
Bonds that are broken release energy, while making a bond….
….stores energy.
The four organic compounds necessary for life are:
- Carbohydrates
- Lipids
- Proteins
- Nucleic Acids
Organic compounds contain ___________.
Carbon.
The functions of carbohydrates (Carbs) are…
…short/medium term energy storage.
Carbohydrates (carbs) are made of small repeating units, ___________, and _____________.
Sugars, starches.
Carbohydrates only consist of C_______, H_________, and O__________.
Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen.
Monosaccharides are _________ sugars.
Simple
Many monosaccharides in a chain are called __________.
Polysaccharides.
Polysaccharides have two functions:
Energy storage and structural support (in plants).
A lipids function is….
….long(er) term energy storage.
The two types of lipids are:
Saturated fats and Unsaturated fats.
Saturated fats are saturated with ____________, are formed in ____________ chains, and mostly come from animal sources. They also are more likely to lead to ____________.
hydrogen, straight, heart disease.
Unsaturated fats aren’t bonded to as many hydrogen, due to a ________ bond. This results in a ________ shape. They aren’t able too pack as tightly, and mostly come from _________ and fish.
double, kinked, plants.
Protein functions include
speeding up chemical reactions, building up muscles, and helping keep cell shape.
Proteins are made of (20 different) __________.
amino acids.
Protein is usually found in…
…dairy, beans, meat, and nuts.
We need to consume protein so….
….our body can break it down into amino acids and make our own protein.
Good fats include nuts, ______________, and avocados.
peanut butter
Bad fats include pizza, __________, and __________.
chips, butter.
