2.1 Guided Notes

Question 1

Elements are pure substances….

Answer 1

….that cannot be broken down chemically into simpler kinds of matter.

Question 2

Each element is only made up of….

Answer 2

1 type of atom.

Question 3

An atom is the simplest particle of an element that refrains…

Answer 3

…all the properties of that element.

Question 4

Protons have _______ and are __________.

Answer 4

Mass, positive

Question 5

Electrons are ___________ and have no ___________.

Answer 5

Negative, Mass.

Question 6

Neutrons are _________ and have __________.

Answer 6

Neutral, mass.

Question 7

Protons and neutrons make up what?

Answer 7

The Nucleus.

Question 8

A chemical bond is an interaction between….

Answer 8

….two atoms, which holds them together/connects them.

Question 9

A chemical reaction makes and breaks what?

Answer 9

Bonds.

Question 10

Bonds that are broken release energy, while making a bond….

Answer 10

….stores energy.

Question 11

The four organic compounds necessary for life are:

Answer 11

1. Carbohydrates
2. Lipids
3. Proteins
4. Nucleic Acids

Question 12

Organic compounds contain ___________.

Answer 12

Carbon.

Question 13

The functions of carbohydrates (Carbs) are…

Answer 13

…short/medium term energy storage.

Question 14

Carbohydrates (carbs) are made of small repeating units, ___________, and _____________.

Answer 14

Sugars, starches.

Question 15

Carbohydrates only consist of C_______, H_________, and O__________.

Answer 15

Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen.

Question 16

Monosaccharides are _________ sugars.

Answer 16

Simple

Question 17

Many monosaccharides in a chain are called __________.

Answer 17

Polysaccharides.

Question 18

Polysaccharides have two functions:

Answer 18

Energy storage and structural support (in plants).

Question 19

A lipids function is….

Answer 19

….long(er) term energy storage.

Question 20

The two types of lipids are:

Answer 20

Saturated fats and Unsaturated fats.

Question 21

Saturated fats are saturated with ____________, are formed in ____________ chains, and mostly come from animal sources. They also are more likely to lead to ____________.

Answer 21

hydrogen, straight, heart disease.

Question 22

Unsaturated fats aren’t bonded to as many hydrogen, due to a ________ bond. This results in a ________ shape. They aren’t able too pack as tightly, and mostly come from _________ and fish.

Answer 22

double, kinked, plants.

Question 23

Protein functions include

Answer 23

speeding up chemical reactions, building up muscles, and helping keep cell shape.

Question 24

Proteins are made of (20 different) __________.

Answer 24

amino acids.

Question 25

Protein is usually found in…

Answer 25

…dairy, beans, meat, and nuts.

Question 26

We need to consume protein so….

Answer 26

….our body can break it down into amino acids and make our own protein.

Question 27

Good fats include nuts, ______________, and avocados.

Answer 27

peanut butter

Question 28

Bad fats include pizza, __________, and __________.

Answer 28

chips, butter.

Question 29

An atom is the simplest particle of an element that refrains…

Answer 29

…all the properties of that element.

Question 30

Protons have _______ and are __________.

Answer 30

Mass, positive

Question 31

Electrons are ___________ and have no ___________.

Answer 31

Negative, Mass.

Question 32

Neutrons are _________ and have __________.

Answer 32

Neutral, mass.

Question 33

Protons and neutrons make up what?

Answer 33

The Nucleus.

Question 34

Elements are always made of the same…

Answer 34

…elements in the same ratio.

Question 35

A chemical bond is an interaction between….

Answer 35

….two atoms, which holds them together/connects them.

Question 36

A chemical reaction makes and breaks what?

Answer 36

Bonds.

Question 37

Bonds that are broken release energy, while making a bond….

Answer 37

….stores energy.

Question 38

The four organic compounds necessary for life are:

Answer 38

1. Carbohydrates
2. Lipids
3. Proteins
4. Nucleic Acids

Question 39

Organic compounds contain ___________.

Answer 39

Carbon.

Question 40

The functions of carbohydrates (Carbs) are…

Answer 40

…short/medium term energy storage.

Question 41

Carbohydrates (carbs) are made of small repeating units, ___________, and _____________.

Answer 41

Sugars, starches.

Question 42

Carbohydrates only consist of C_______, H_________, and O__________.

Answer 42

Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen.

Question 43

Monosaccharides are _________ sugars.

Answer 43

Simple

Question 44

Many monosaccharides in a chain are called __________.

Answer 44

Polysaccharides.

Question 45

Polysaccharides have two functions:

Answer 45

Energy storage and structural support (in plants).

Question 46

A lipids function is….

Answer 46

….long(er) term energy storage.

Question 47

The two types of lipids are:

Answer 47

Saturated fats and Unsaturated fats.

Question 48

Saturated fats are saturated with ____________, are formed in ____________ chains, and mostly come from animal sources. They also are more likely to lead to ____________.

Answer 48

hydrogen, straight, heart disease.

Question 49

Unsaturated fats aren’t bonded to as many hydrogen, due to a ________ bond. This results in a ________ shape. They aren’t able too pack as tightly, and mostly come from _________ and fish.

Answer 49

double, kinked, plants.

Question 50

Protein functions include

Answer 50

speeding up chemical reactions, building up muscles, and helping keep cell shape.

Question 51

Proteins are made of (20 different) __________.

Answer 51

amino acids.

Question 52

Protein is usually found in…

Answer 52

…dairy, beans, meat, and nuts.

Question 53

We need to consume protein so….

Answer 53

….our body can break it down into amino acids and make our own protein.

Question 54

Good fats include nuts, ______________, and avocados.

Answer 54

peanut butter

Question 55

Bad fats include pizza, __________, and __________.

Answer 55

chips, butter.