2.1 Functions and evolution of human resource management Flashcards
Human resource management
Human resources (HR) is a department
charged with finding, screening,
recruiting and training job applicants
and new employees
HRM is the management function of using and developing people within a business to meet its organisational objectives
Roles and responsibilities of HRM
workforce planning
recruitment, selection and induction
training and development of staff
reviewing pay and remuneration packages( wages and salaries)
looking after the health and welfare of employees
How can HR add value to the output?
increase productivity
improve quality
come up with new ideas
provide better customer service
Human resource/workforce planning
the management process of anticipating and meeting an organisation’s current and future staffing needs
Short-term workforce planning
deals with the upcoming and existing demands of an organisation
Long-term workforce planning
looks at the human resources needs of the business in the foreseeable future
What does workforce planning look at?
historical data and trends
sales and income levels
labour turnover rates
flexibility and workload of staff
demographic changes
Labour turnover
measures the percentage of the workforce that leaves the organisation in a given time period, usually one year
Labour turnover formula
number of staff leaving / total number of staff
x 100
What are the main reasons some people leave their jobs? [CLAMPS]
Challenge
Location
Advancement
Money
Pride (Prestige)
(Job) Security
What are some internal and external factors that influence human resource planning?
demographic changes
changes in labour mobility
new communication technologies
Why do businesses need to recruit people?
labour is an essential factor of production needed for the provision of any good or service
–> hiring the right people helps to ensure that businesses can function effectively.
Summary of the recruitment process (10 steps)
- Conduct a job analysis to determine the firm’s need to hire new employees
- Produce a job description and person specification
- Advertise the vacant post
- Check applications and shortlist suitable candidates
- Interview the shortlisted candidates
- Perform aptitude testing (if applicable)
- Check references for shortlisted candidates
- Job offer made to the best candidate
- Issue and sign the contract of employment
- Carry out induction of new recruit
Differentiate between internal recruitment and external recruitment.
Internal recruitment involves hiring people who have already been in the organization to fill out a position,
whereas external recruitment hires new employees from outside of the organization to fill out vacant posts.
Occupational and Geographical Mobility of Labour -
Occupational Mobility of Labour -
extent to which workers are willing
and able to move to different jobs
requiring different skills.
Geographical mobility of Labour -
extent to which workers are willing
and able to move geographical region
to take up new jobs
Training and types of training
Work-related education to increase workforce skills and efficiency.
Types:
On-the-job
training
Off-the-job
training
Cognitive
training
Behavioural
skills
training
Employee appraisal
Employee appraisal is the process of assessing the effectiveness of an
employee judged against preset objectives
Dismissal and redundancy
DISMISSAL means being removed
or ‘sacked’ from a job due to
incompetence or breach of discipline.
REDUNDANCY when a job is no
longer required so the employee
doing this job becomes redundant
through no fault of his or her own.
Main reasons for changes in the employment patterns
Competitive pressures from globalization
Need for greater labor flexibility
Rapid changes in technology
Greater opportunities for outsourcing
Changing social and demographic patterns.
● Contract of employment:
● Unfair dismissal:
● Contract of employment:
○ a legal document that sets out the terms and conditions governing a
worker’s job
● Unfair dismissal:
○ ending a worker’s employment contract for a reason that the law regards
as being unfair
Teleworking
Outsourcing:
Portfolio working
Teleworking: staff working from home but keeping contact with the office by means of modern IT communications.
Portfolio working: the working pattern of following several simultaneous employments at any one time.
Outsourcing: using another business (a ‘third party’) to undertake a part of the production process rather than doing it within the business using the firm’s own employees
Adv and Dis. of Part-time and flexible contracts for a business
Advantages
1. Employees can be required to work at
particularly busy periods of the day but
not during the slack times
- More employees are available to be
called upon should there be sickness or
other causes of absenteeism. - By using teleworking from home for
some groups of workers, even further
savings in overhead costs can be made,
such as smaller office buildings
Disadvantages
1. There will be more employees to
‘manage’ than if they were all full time
- Effective communication will become
much more difficult - Some managers fear that teleworking
will lead to lower productivity as
workers cannot be monitored so easily
as when they are present in the office
Adv. and Dis. of Part-time and flexible contracts for a worker
Advantages
1. This contract could be ideal for
certain types of workers, e.g. students
- They may be able to combine two
jobs with different firms
3. Teleworking allows workers to organise their own working day at home, while meeting preset targets and deadlines and keeping in contact with head office via the internet.
Disadvantages
1. They will be earning less than
full-time workers.
- They may be paid at a lower rate than
full-time workers.
3. Teleworking and temporary/flexi-time contracts can lead to much less social contact with fellow workers – social interaction is an important human need.
Outsourcing and Offshoring
Outsourcing means using another business (a ‘third party’) to undertake a part of the production process rather than doing it within the business using the firm’s
own employees.
Offshoring is the relocation of a business process done in one country to the same or another company in another country.
