Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Cfe Advanced Higher Biology - Unit 2 > 2.1 FIELD TECHNIQUES FOR BIOLOGISTS > Flashcards

2.1 FIELD TECHNIQUES FOR BIOLOGISTS Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

With regards to health and safety, what is the difference between fieldwork and lab work?

A

There are a wider range of hazards associated with fieldwork than with laboratory work

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the difference between the risk and the hazard of something?

A

Risk - how likely it is. Hazard - how harmful it is.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Which potential hazards must be assessed in fieldwork?

A

Hazards associated with terrain, weather conditions and isolation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is important when sampling wild organisms?

A

Sampling technique must be appropriate to species being sampled and minimise impact on species and habitat

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Special consideration must be given to?

A

rare and vulnerable species protected by legislation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Name six techniques for sampling wild organisms.

A

Transect, point counts, remote detection, quadrat, camera traps, scat sampling

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Describe transect sampling.

A

Sampling carried out at particular intervals along a line or band.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What can transect sampling determine?

A

Changes in community across an environmental gradient

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Describe a point count.

A

Gathering of observational data from a selected stationary location.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What can a point count determine?

A

Species abundance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Describe remote detection.

A

Monitoring subject from a distance with the aid of sensors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

When is remote detection useful?

A

When obtaining data on a global scale or from a difficult to access area

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Describe quadrat sampling.

A

Using a grid to ensure that a standard area is sampled each time a measurement is made.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are the two requirements of quadrats?

A

They must be uniform and area of grid must be known.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

When are quadrats used?

A

When sampling sessile and slow-moving organisms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Define sessile.

A

Fixed in one place - immobile

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

How are mobile species sampled?

A

Through capture techniques

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

How can elusive species be sampled?

A

Camera traps (direct) or scat sampling (indirect)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is scat sampling?

A

Counting droppings

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What must sampling be?

A

Random, stratified and systematic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is central to biological understanding?

A

Classification of life

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

How can a sample/organism be identified?

A

Using classification guides, biological keys or analysis of DNA or protein

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What does familiarity with taxonomic groupings allow?

A

Predictions and inferences to be made between the biology of an organism and model organisms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What is a model organism?

A

The best-studied organism within a taxonomic group

25
Q

What can genetic evidence reveal?

A

Relatedness between organisms obscured by divergent or convergent evolution

26
Q

What is divergent evolution?

A

Evolution of a species into two or more different forms

27
Q

What is convergent evolution?

A

Organisms that are not closely related independently evolve similar traits

28
Q

What are the three domains?

A

Bacteria, archaea and eukaryota

29
Q

Name the 5 main divisions of the plant kingdom.

A

Mosses, liverworts, ferns, conifers, flowering plants

30
Q

Give a feature of the mosses.

A

No seeds or vascular tissue

31
Q

Give a feature of liverworts.

A

Nonvascular spore-producing plants

32
Q

Give a feature of ferns.

A

Vascular system (can grow upwards from soil)

33
Q

Give a feature of conifers.

A

Trees with needles or scaly leaves and pinecones

34
Q

Give a feature of flowering plants.

A

Flowers (for more successful reproduction)

35
Q

What is the animal kingdom divided into?

A

Phyla

36
Q

Name the 5 main phlya of the animal kingdom.

A

Chordata, arthropoda, nematoda, platyhelminthes, mollusca

37
Q

What are chordata?

A

Vertebrates and sea squirts

38
Q

What are arthropoda?

A

Joint-legged invertebrates

39
Q

What are nematoda?

A

Round worms

40
Q

What are platyhelminthes?

A

Flatworms - have internal organs but no body cavity

41
Q

What are mollusca?

A

Diverse phyla, many with shells

42
Q

How are model organisms used?

A

They are used to obtain information that can be applied to species that are more difficult to study directly

43
Q

Give an example of a model bacteria.

A

E. coli

44
Q

Give an example of a model flowering plant.

A

Arabidopsis thaliana

45
Q

Give an example of a model nematode.

A

C. elegans

46
Q

Give an example of a model chordate.

A

Mice, rats

47
Q

Why is monitoring populations important?

A

To assess environmental impact of factors (eg pollutant)

48
Q

Name a method of estimation population size.

A

Mark and recapture

49
Q

What is the mark and recapture formula?

A

N = MC/R

50
Q

What does mark and recapture assume?

A

All individuals have an equal chance of capture and there is no immigration or emigration

51
Q

Give 5 examples of marking.

A

Banding, tagging, surgical implantation, painting, hair clipping

52
Q

What is important to consider when marking?

A

The method of marking must minimise the impact on the study species

53
Q

What is an ethogram?

A

A catalogue of observed animal behaviours/activities in a wild context

54
Q

What does an ethogram allow?

A

The construction of time budgets

55
Q

Name three time measurements.

A

Latency, frequency and duration

56
Q

What is latency?

A

The time between the onset of a stimulus and response

57
Q

What must be avoided when describing behaviour?

A

Anthropomorphism

58
Q

What is anthropomorphism?

A

Attribution of human motivation, characteristics or behaviour to non-human animals

Cfe Advanced Higher Biology - Unit 2 (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions