2.1 explain forms of social control

Question 1

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what is social control?

Answer 1

the process where society attempts to get individuals to conform to the dominant norms and values in that society

Question 2

what are the two ways of gaining social control in society?

Answer 2

external social control and internal social control

Question 3

what are internal forms of social control?

Answer 3

the controls over our behaviour that come from within ourselves such as our personality and values - forms of self-control that lead us to conform to the rules of society because inwardly we feel that this is the right thing to do

Question 4

internal forms of social control

what is moral conscience in internal social control?

Answer 4

internal mechanism that guides people to act morally and avoid guilt/make sure we do the right thing aka the super ego

Question 5

internal forms of social control

what is culture and tradition in internal forms of social control?

Answer 5

cultural meanings, symbols, and practices influence criminal behavior and how crime itself is constructed within a specific cultural context

Question 6

internal forms of social control

what role do culture and traditions play in society?

Answer 6

1. culture defines acceptable ways of behaving for members of society
2. Culture plays a massive role in shaping an individuals sense of self
3. tradition also plays a role in building an individuals identity

Question 7

what impact do cultures and traditions have on our behaviour?

Answer 7

1. Cultural norms dictate how individuals interact with one another
2. Culture plays a role in shaping social norms and values which dictate and control how an individual acts according to the society they are in

Question 8

internal forms of social control

what is socialisation?

Answer 8

Socialisation is the process of learning how to interact with others and behave in a way that is acceptable in society

Question 9

internal forms of social control

what is the process of social control?

Answer 9

it occurs through primary socialisation which happens in the family and secondary socialisation which occurs through other social institutions outside of the family

Question 10

internal forms of social control

name some agents of socialisation

Answer 10

the family, education, the media etc

Question 11

internal forms of social control

what do schools teach individuals apart from the curriculum?

Answer 11

• life skills such as social skills
• respect for authority

Question 12

internal forms of social control

how do peers influence individuals?

Answer 12

1. peers help individuals to develop their social behaviour
2. peers may influence an individuals behaviour through peer pressure, this may mean individuals compromise their own values and beliefs

Question 13

internal forms of social control

how does the mass media influence socialisation?

Answer 13

• when children are young they learn through the media
• children are exposed to alot of mature content which can change a child’s norms and values
• the mass media may enforce gender roles and other stereotypes

Question 14

external forms of social control

how does society perform external social control?

Answer 14

through agencies of social control

Question 15

external forms of social control

name some agencies that perform external social control

Answer 15

the police, the prison service, the cps etc

Question 16

external forms of social control

how does the police perform external control?

Answer 16

the police enforce the law and issue sanctions such as fines

Question 17

external forms of social control

how do the cps perform external social control?

Answer 17

they prosecute individuals who break the law

Question 18

external forms of social control

how do the judges and magistrates perform external social control?

Answer 18

they give out sentences for those who break the law

Question 19

external forms of social control

how does the prison service perform external social control?

Answer 19

reinforces what behaviour is unacceptable

Question 20

external forms of social control

how does the criminal justice sytem make use of postive sanctions?

Answer 20

good behaviour in prison can lead to increased priviledges for prisoners or early parole

Question 21

external forms of social control

what are the two reasons that people do not obey the laws of our society?

Answer 21

1. fear of punishment
2. coercion

Question 22

external forms of social control

what do control theorists argue that the reason people commit crime is?

Answer 22

they argue that crime occurs when bonds to aspects in society such as family are weakened, crime is more likely to occur

Question 23

external forms of social control

according to control theory, criminality is seen as a possible outcome for all individuals, only those who ……….. avoid crime

Answer 23

only those who seek to maintain social bonds that avoid crime

Question 24

external forms of social control

what are the four elements that Hirschi argues that individuals bonds are made of?

Answer 24

1. attatchment to parents, teachers, community etc
2. commitment to conventional goals - importance of social relationships that individuals value and would not want to jeopardize by committing criminal acts
3. involvement in conventional activities
4. beliefs about what is right/wrong

Question 25

external forms of social control

why are levels of female offending lower?

Answer 25

• girls are controlled by their brothers and fathers then go on to be controlled by their husbands
• the is more control over women in society than there is on men