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BIOLOGY > 2.1 DNA, RNA and Proteins > Flashcards

2.1 DNA, RNA and Proteins Flashcards

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1
Q

This is the bond that exists between nitrogenous base pairings due to the attraction of a proton and electronegative atom.

A

Hydrogen

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2
Q

These are the nitrogenous bases that have a double-ringed base also known as bicyclic.

A

Purine

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3
Q

These are the nitrogenous bases that have a single-ringed base.

A

Pyrimidines

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4
Q

Base pair of adenine in DNA

A

Thymine

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5
Q

The repeating sugar unit of RNA molecules present in its backbone

A

Ribose

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6
Q

He isolated the material nuclein when studying pus cells prom surgical bandages

A

Friedrich Miescher

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7
Q

These are the subunits of nucleic acid.

A

Nucleotides

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8
Q

The nucleic acid that contains uracil

A

RNA

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9
Q

What binds pentose sugar with the nitrogenous bases?

A

Glycosidic bond

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10
Q

What bonds the phosphate group with the pentose sugar?

A

Phosphoester bond

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11
Q

The DNA of this bacteria is negatively supercoiled and organized into a number of independent loops or domains. They have 4.6 million base pairs.

A

Escherichia coli

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12
Q

Proteins that assist in further holding of the secondary structure of proteins.

A

Chaperones

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13
Q

What links amino acids together, thus forming a chain?

A

Polypeptide

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14
Q

What nitrogenous bases has double rings?

A

Adenine and Guanine

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15
Q

What nitrogenous bases has single rings

A

Thymine and Cytosine

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16
Q

This structure is attained whenever multiple folded protein subunits form a single complex.

A

Quarternary

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17
Q

The DNA helix have two of these due to the angle of protrusion of the deoxyribose.

A

Grooves

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18
Q

What is the sugar in DNA called?

A

Deoxyribose

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19
Q

Base pair of Guanine

A

Cytosine

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20
Q

Base pair of Adenine in RNA

A

Uracil

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21
Q

Type of model in DNA replication where DNA is broken into fragments to replicate

A

Dispersive

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22
Q

The mRNA will leave the nucleus after transcription and proceed to this part of the cell.

A

Cytoplasm

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23
Q

What did Friedrich Miescher call on his discovery when he studied the pus cells on surgical bandages.

A

Nuclein

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24
Q

The tautomeric state of purine which is the most important form together with amino.

A

Keto

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25
Q

The tautomeric states of pyrimidine

A

amino and imino

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26
Q

Tautomeric state of purines

A

keto and enol

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27
Q

Two strands of DNA polynucleotide chains are bound together via

A

complementary base pairings

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28
Q

Short sections of DNA formed at the time of discontinuous synthesis of the lagging strand during replication of DNA.

A

Okazaki

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29
Q

They continuously unwinds and opens the DNA at the replication fork

A

Helicase

30
Q

Seals the nicks between the okazaki fragments

A

Ligase

31
Q

A strand where replication will occur continuously from 5 prime to 3 prime direction

A

Leading strand

32
Q

Proteins in DNA replication that allows the DNA helicase and SBP to attach to the DNA

A

Initiatior

33
Q

Element used by Meselson-Stahl in an experiment to prove the semi-conservative nature of DNA replication.

A

Nitrogen

34
Q

The two strands of DNA are said to be this. (One strand runs in 5 prime to 3 prime, while the other from 3 prime to 5 prime)

A

Antiparallel

35
Q

What did Rosalind Franklin and Maurice Wilkins perform to analyze the structure of DNA

A

x-ray crystallography

36
Q

Rule that states:
- purine content is roughly equal to pyrimidine content
- guanine and cytosine have equal quantities in DNA
- adenine and thymine have equal quantities in DNA

A

Chargaff’s Rules

37
Q

The uniformity in size of DNA is due to

A

complimentary base pairings

38
Q

Adenine and Thymine has how many hydrogen bonds?

A

2

39
Q

Guanine and Cytosine have how many hydrogen bonds?

A

3

40
Q

How are the base pairings organized inside the helix?

A

Base stacking

41
Q

Dexterity of the DNA helix

A

right

42
Q

DNA conformations that has left hand dexterity

A

Z-DNA

43
Q

Eukaryotic DNA is known to have linear or distinct ends called?

A

Telomeres

44
Q

DNA + proteins

A

Chromatin

45
Q

In which phase of the cell cycle does DNA Replication occur?

A

S phase

46
Q

The terminus that can be found on the polypeptide chain with the free amino group

A

N terminus

47
Q

The terminus that can be found on the polypeptide chain with the free carboxylic group

A

C terminus

48
Q

The structure that refers to the proteins overall folding

A

Tertiary

49
Q

The subunits of proteins with 20 different kinds

A

Amino acids

50
Q

Catalyzes the removal of the RNA primers and replaces them with DNA nucleotides

A

DNA polymerase I

51
Q

The DNA model wherein two strands will serve as template for the new strand; the accepted model of replication.

A

Semi-conservative

52
Q

This was used by primary means to study and obtain a high resolution protein structure

A

DNA crystallography

53
Q

The ability of DNA polymerase I to correct errors in nucleotide selection

A

proofreading

54
Q

Watson and Crick proposed what model of DNA replication

A

Semi-conservative model

55
Q

The intermediate molecule during gene expression. It contains a copy of the information in DNA that must be translated into proteins

A

mRNA

56
Q

Strand that creates Okazaki fragments

A

Lagging strand

57
Q

Synthesizes deoxyribonucleotide chains from the 3’-OH end of the RNA primers and performs DNA proofreading via its exonuclease activity.

A

DNA polymerase III

58
Q

Small RNA’s that are essential in the regulation of gene expression.

A

miRNA

59
Q

The process that allows the information in the mRNA transcript to be translated into the amino sequence in proteins.

A

translation

60
Q

A product of transcription of DNA

A

RNA

61
Q

A group of catalytic RNA molecules

A

Ribozymes

62
Q

a ribozyme that catalyzes tRNA synthesis

A

RNase P

63
Q

Each amino acids consists of

A

A carboxyl group, a side chain R, an amino group and a proton

64
Q

Structure of protein wherein it is attained by the formation of peptide bond between each amino acids

A

primary structure

65
Q

protein structure in which it may be in a form of a helix or pleated sheet

A

Secondary structure

66
Q

protein structure in which it consists of polypeptides and both helices and sheets

A

secondary

67
Q

An enormous collection of published experiments of the structures of DNA, RNA, and Proteins; enables us to view the 3D structure of proteins.

A

Protein Data Bank

68
Q

Important protein for lipid breakdown

A

Hexosaminidase

69
Q

Stabilizes the tertiary structures

A

covalent and non covalent interactions

70
Q

Bonds that form sheets and helices

A

Hydrogen bonds

71
Q

They hold the amino acids together

A

peptide bonds

BIOLOGY (4 decks)

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