2.1 - development of urinary tract (embryology, lecture)

Question 1

which level do the kidneys sit?

Answer 1

T12-L3

Question 2

what is the arterial supply to the kidneys?

Answer 2

renal arteries (from abdo aorta)

Question 3

what is the functional unit of the kidneys?

Answer 3

nephron

Question 4

excretion of urine from kidneys?

Answer 4

kidney –> ureter –> bladder

Question 5

what happens post gastrulation?

Answer 5

mesoderm –> intermediate mesoderm –> GI + urinary + repro

Question 6

primoridium of gut forms..?

Answer 6

during embryonic folding (primitive gut)

Question 7

where is there no mesoderm present?

Answer 7

buccopharyngeal & cloacal membrane (post gastrulation)

Question 8

why is there opening at the buccopharyngeal & cloacal membrane?

Answer 8

avascular membranes, so they die & create rupture sites (opening)

Question 9

how many systems do the kidneys form from?

Answer 9

3 (pronephros, mesonephros, metanephros)
when 1 disappears, the next one appears
the first one being in the cervical region

Question 10

what is pronephros like?

Answer 10

1st kidney system, doesn’t function in humans, pronephric duct extends from cervical region to cloaca, drives development of next developmental stages
(has primitive duct, primitive embryonic kidney with primitive renal function)

Question 11

what is mesonephros like?

Answer 11

takes over from pronephros - occupies entire trunk of embryo

Question 12

what is metanephros like?

Answer 12

last in sequence - appears in pelvic region of embryo (duct + all structures terminate into the cloaca) - caudal end