2.1 Development key terms Flashcards
What does demographic mean?
The study of population and population structure
What is the definition of HDI?
Human Development Index is a development indicator that measures 3 variables and gives a score from 0-1
Education - Literacy rate;
Health - Life expectancy;
Wealth - GDP/Capita
What are the stages in Rostow’s modernisation model?
- Traditional Society
- Pre-Take Off Society
- Take Off stage
- Drive to Maturity
- High Mass Consumption
What are the social factors that have caused inequalities in global wealth? Can you explain why?
- Dirty water..
- Lack of education
- Role of women
- Disease such as diphtheria/typhoid
Explain how trade imbalances increase inequalities in development
Deficit greater than surplus
Earn less
Borrow more to cover deficit
Debts
Less investment in public services (schools, health)
Less tax raised
Less investment in industrial development
What are the differences between Rostow’s model and Frank’s Model in regards to countries development?
Rostow is based on Capitalism, Frank is based on Communism.
Rostow assumed that all countries will develop due to manufacturing.
Frank said that developing countries were like this because of historical trade and resources, not just less wealthy versions of developed countries
Assess which model (Frank or Rostow) is more useful to explain how different countries develop?
Frank = identifies the barriers that might block developing countries from emerging (such as a reliance on primary products)
Rostow = shows clearly what each country needs to be focusing on to be able to reach the next stage and how the governments could invest for development
Rostow = has been criticised because not all countries have developed - it can’t be as easy as 1,2,3,4 and 5!
Frank = explains to organisations such as the UN/WTO how trade agreements might need to be changed.
What are the social, environmental, economic and political challenges that are preventing Malawi developing?
- Corruption
- Over reliance on primary products for export
- International debt
- Landlocked country
- Changing climate (drought)
- Lack of investment in education and health
What is fertility rate and how will this change as a country develops?
Is the number of children a mother will have in her reproductive life
Fertility rate will decrease as a country becomes develop. For example the U.K. (Developed) has a fertility rate of 1.9 and Malawi has 7.6
Why does fertility rate change as a country develops?
- Improvements in healthcare means infant mortality reduces so less babies are needed by families
- Female emancipation occurs and the role of women in society improves (access to education and jobs)
- Education improves and women get careers so they don’t want to leave careers to have children
- Children become an economic cost (£216,000) rather than an asset (helping on subsistence farms)
What is a population structure (pyramid) graph?
Shows the population of a country in male and females and the percentage of each gender in each age cohort (0-4). It shows youthful (0-14), economically active (15-65) and elderly (65+)
How will the population structure change as a country develops?
Will have a smaller PROPORTION of youthful, more elderly and working age
What is the Corruption Perception Index
Measures the level of corruption in a government and scores it it 0-100 where 0 is highly corrupt.
What would you use the GINI coefficient to measure?
Measures the extent to which distribution of income is unequal within a country and how this changes over time
It is a ratio where 0 means everyone has the same wealth and 1 means that ONE person would have all the money!
What is infant mortality rate
The number of children dying before their first before for every 1000 live births
