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Biology Gr 10 > 2.1 Classification of organisms p2.3-8 > Flashcards

2.1 Classification of organisms p2.3-8 Flashcards

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1
Q

Organisms are classified into groups called …

according to ….

A

taxa (taxon=singular) …

similarities and shared characteristics

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2
Q

The formal scientific classification of organisms into taxa is known as

A

taxonomy

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3
Q

Name the Swedish botanist who, in 1758, classified living organisms into Plantae and Animalia kingdoms

A

Carl Linnaeus

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4
Q

What are the two kingdoms of the two-kingdom system

A
  1. Animalia

2. Plantae

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5
Q

Who came up with the five-kingdom model?

When?

A

Robert Whitaker

1969

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6
Q

Name the 5 Kingdoms of the five-kingdom model

A
  1. M onera (bacteria)
  2. P rotista
  3. F ungi
  4. P lantae
  5. A nimalia
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7
Q

5-Kingdom mneumonic

A

MONEy PROvides FUN PLANned Activities

Monera Protista Fungi Plantae Animalia

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8
Q

Name the 7 taxa/categories that the 5-kingdoms are divided into (from greatest diversity to greatest similarities)

A 
Kingdom
Phylum (animals) or Division (plants)
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species
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9
Q

An example of a mneumonic to remember the seven taxa is….

A 
Kings (kingdom) 
Divide (division=plants / phylum=animals)
Classes (class) and
Order (order)
Families (family) to
Give (genus)
Silver (species)
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10
Q

What criteria are used to classify organisms into their respective kingdoms (6)

A
  1. Body structure
  2. Cell structure
  3. Cell wall composition
  4. Motility
  5. Mode of nutrition
  6. Method of reproduction
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11
Q

“body structure” criteria used to classify an organism into a kingdom (3)

A

unicellular
multicellular
collonies

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12
Q

“Cell structure” criteria used to classify an organism into a kingdom (3)

A

presence of a nucleus
absence of a nucleus
organelles (chloroplasts)

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13
Q

“Cell wall” criteria used to classify an organism into a kingdom (3)

A

cellulose
chitin
no cell wall

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14
Q

Which two traits are assessed when deciding the mobility of an organism.

A

Whether it is mobile or immobile.

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15
Q

“Mode of nutrition” criteria used to classify an organism into a kingdom (2)

A

autotrophic

heterotrophic

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16
Q

Mode of reproduction criteria (3)

A

binary fission
asexual
sexual

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17
Q

Define a prokaryote and give an example

A

A prokaryote is an organism with cells that do NOT have a true nuclei e.g. bacteria

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18
Q

An organism with cells that have a true nuclei

A

Eukaryote (eu=true)

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19
Q

Which kingdom contains prokaryotes?

A

Monera / bacteria

20
Q

Where is a eukaryote’s DNA found? (2 marks)

A

Inside the nucleus, enclosed by a nuclear membrane

21
Q

True or False: Prokaryotes contain a true nucleus.

A

False

Prokaryotes have no separate nucleus and internal structures (those are eukaryotes)

22
Q 
Some bacteria are autotrophic (make their own food - type of photosynthasis).  Others are heterotrophic in which case
* parasitic
* saprophytic
* mutualistic
What do these mean
A

Parasitic - dependent on other living organic matter for food.
Saprophytic - dependent on on dead organic matter for food.
Mutualistic - Living with other organisms so that both benefit from the relationship

23
Q

What are the main characteristics of the Monera Kingdom (e.g. Bacteria)

A

Unicellular and simple
No true nuclei (prokaryotic)
Cell is surrounded by cell wall
Reproduction occurs by binary fission (cell division into two with identical DNA composition

24
Q

What are the main characteristics of the Protista Kingdom

  • Protozoa
  • Algae
  • Slime moulds and water moulds
A

Protizoa - animal-like unicellular, heterotrophic
Algae - plant-like, autotrophic (photosynthesise)
Slime/water moulds - fungus-like organisms
—all—
* Unicellular OR multicellular
* Eukaryotic (all have true nuclei)
* Move by flagella, cillia and cyclosis
* Algae are autotrophic but the rest are all heterotrophic (eat things…)
* Reproduce asexually by binary fission (some algae do reproduce sexually)

25
Q

What are the main characteristics of the Fungi kingdom

  • Yeast
  • Mushrooms
  • Moulds
A
  • Unicellular (yeasts) or multi-cellular (mushrooms)
  • Have true nuclei (eukaryotic)
  • Have cell walls of cellulose and chitin
  • Heterotrophic (eat stuff…) mostly saprophytes (dead stuff) but some are parasites (e.g. athlete’s foot) and some are mutualistic (symbiotic)
  • Reproduction by binary fission (asexually), or spores (asexually) and by gametes (sexually) during unfavourable conditions.
26
Q

What are the for major divisions within the Plantae Kingdom

A

Bryophytes - mosses liveworts and hornworts
Pteridophytes - ferns
Gymnosperms - conifers, cycads, gnetales and ginkgo!
Angiosperms - flowering plants

27
Q

What are the main characteristics of the Plantae Kingdom

A
  • Multi-cellular
  • Have true nuclei (eukaryotic)
  • Have cell walls of cellulose
  • Mostly autotrophic (photosynthesis)
  • Reproduction by spores (asexually) and by gametes (sexually)
28
Q

What are the characteristics of the Animalia Kingdom (9 major phyla)

A
  • Multi-cellular
  • Have true nuclei (eukaryotic)
  • Have no cell walls
  • Heterotrophic (eat stuff…)
  • Reproduction sometimes asexually
    mostly sexually by male and female gametes
29
Q

Porifera phyla consist of

A

sponges

30
Q

Jelly fish, blue bottles, corals and sea anemones are

A

Cnidaria

31
Q

Platyhelminthes are

A

flatworms e.g. tapeworm

32
Q

Round worms are

A

Nematoda

33
Q

earthworms, sea worms, leeches are

A

Annelida

34
Q

Mollusca are

A

snails, oysters, mussles, octopi

35
Q

starfish, sea urchins are

A

Echinodermata

36
Q

insects, spiders, crustaceans, myriapoda are

A

Arthropoda

37
Q

Chordata are

A

fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds, mammals

38
Q

Carl Linnaeus’ binomial system consists of a … name and a ….. name

A

Genus (always starts with a Capital letter)

species (always a small letter) e.g. Felix domesticus

39
Q

When writing a scientific name by hand it must be ……

A

underlined

40
Q

When typing a scientific name it must be in ……

A

italics

41
Q

If there many species of the genus Felix, but the species name is unknown, how will you write it?

A

Felix-spp

42
Q

If the name Aloe ferrox needs to be written down many times in the same paragraph, how would you write it the second time?

A

A. ferrox

43
Q

What instrument is used to classify living organisms?

A

A biological key

44
Q

What does a biological key consist of?

A

a series of options that lead the user to the correct name of the organism

45
Q

Name an example of a biological key

A

a dichotomous key

46
Q

A di/choto/mous key always gives many choices at each step. True or False?

A

False, it gives 2

Biology Gr 10 (3 decks)

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