2.1 Chemical Equilibrium Flashcards

1
Q

when is a chemical reaction said to be in equilibrium?

A

when the composition of the reactants and products remains constant

NOT EQUAL

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2
Q

the effect of a catalyst on equilibrium

A

speeds up the rate at which equilibrium is reached

no effect on the poe

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3
Q

what is the equilibrium constant?

A

capital K

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4
Q

what is the concentration of pure solids and liquids in the equilibrium expression?

A

1

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5
Q

what does the equilibrium constant do?

A

indicates the position of equilibrium
a small value - towards the left
a large value - towards the right

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6
Q

equilibrium constant units

A

no units

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7
Q

what is K affected by?

A

concentration, pressure and catalysts have NO EFFECT

K is dependant upon temperature

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8
Q

what is H30+?

A

a hydronium ion
a hydrated proton
shorthand expression is H+

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9
Q

what is the ionic product affected by?

A

temperature

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10
Q

what is the ionic product at 25C?

A

1 x10^-14

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11
Q

what is the concentration of hydronium and hydroxide ions in a neutral solution? at 25C

A

10^-7
[H3O+] = [OH-]

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12
Q

pH, conductivity, reaction rate of
strong acid vs weak acid

A

lower higher
higher lower
higher lower

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13
Q

pH, conductivity, reaction rate of
strong base vs weak base

A

higher lower
higher lower
higher lower

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14
Q

strong acid + strong base =

A

neutral solution

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15
Q

weak acid + strong base =

A

alkaline solution

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16
Q

strong acid + weak base =

A

acidic solution

17
Q

how does an acidic buffer solution work?

A

adding alkali
weak acid hydrogen ions react with OH- which then dissociates replacing the hydrogen ions
adding acid
salt - provides conjugate base which reacts with excess hydrogen ions added

18
Q

how does a basic buffer solution work?

A

weka base removes excess H+
conjugate acid from the salt supplies H+ when they are removed

19
Q

pH range
strong acid strong alkali

A

3-10

20
Q

pH range
strong acid weak alkali

A

3-7

21
Q
A