2.1 Cell Structure Further Application Practice

Question 1

In general what are the ways a microscope drawing can be improved?

Answer 1

• Add a title
• Add the magnification/ a scale
• Do Not Shade
• Remove arrowheads from the labels

Question 2

Should the cover slip be applied at an angle or parallel?

Answer 2

• at an ANGLE

Question 3

What is the role of the membrane in the rough endoplasmic reticulum?

Answer 3

• compartmentalisation/maintain different conditions from cell cytoplasm
• Separating synthesised proteins from cytoplasm
• hold ribosomes/enzymes in place of

Question 4

How is the smooth ER relevant in the production of mucus (contains carbs, proteins and triglycerides)?

Answer 4

• Smooth ER is relevant as it is involved in the storage of carbohydrates and is the site of lipid synthesis

Question 5

What is the means of cell division in plants and animals vs in yeast?

Answer 5

cytokinesis vs budding

Question 6

Why can cells with more mitochondria grow faster than those without?

Answer 6

• cells without mitochondria cannot carry out aerobic respiration and therefore produce less ATP than cells with mitochondria as cells without can only conduct anaerobic respiration which produces less ATP than
• ATP is needed for active transport, cell division, protein synthesis, DNA replication
• more ATP allows faster metabolic processes/reactions

Question 7

How is a molecule prepared and secreted by cells after translation has taken place?

Answer 7

1. (folded in RER) then there is a transport vesicle from the RER
2. Travels along cytoskeleton with motor proteins
3. reaches and is modified in Golgi apparatus
4. then is packaged into a secretory vesicle
5. vesicle moves along cytoskeleton once more with motor proteins
6. vesicle fuses with cell surface membrane
7. secretion occurs via exocytosis

Question 8

Outline the process involved in translation of proteins from RNA?

Answer 8

• mRNA transported out of nucleus
• mRNA transported to ribosomes
• translation occurs at ribosomes
• tRNA brings specific amino acids with the complementary codon
• peptide bonds form between adjacent amino acids
• protein processed through golgi apparatus

Question 9

What are the cellular functions of cytoskeleton?

Answer 9

1. used for intracellular transport and movement of organelles (in cell division e.g)
2. used in exocytosis
3. cell support and stability
4. provides mechanical support to cells

Question 10

Can you say the cell wall provides strength to the cell?

Answer 10

NO say stability, strength is too vague

Question 11

Can you say the cell wall provides strength to the cell?

Answer 11

NO say stability, strength is too vague